Experimental confirmation of multiple community states in a marine ecosystem.
Experimental confirmation of multiple community states in a marine ecosystem.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s00442-009-1350-9
复制
发表时间：
2009-08
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Dudgeon, Steve R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Petraitis, Peter S.;Methratta, Elizabeth T.;Rhile, Erika C.;Vidargas, Nicholas A.;Dudgeon, Steve R.
环境条件的微小变化可以出人意料地将生态系统从一种群落类型转变为另一种群落类型，在半干旱草原，淡水湖泊和池塘，珊瑚礁和海带森林中观察到这些往往不可逆转的变化。一个普遍接受的解释是，这些生态系统包含多个稳定点，但实验测试证实多个稳定状态已被证明是难以捉摸的。在这里，我们提出了一种新的方法，并表明，贻贝床和岩藻看台是多个稳定的状态在美国缅因州湾的潮间带海岸。使用大规模的观测数据和长期的数据，从实验清除，我们表明，去除岩石杂草冬季冰冲刷可以提示持久的岩石杂草站贻贝床。利用安德森的主坐标判别分析法对观测数据进行分析，提出了一个目标函数，用于分离贻贝床和岩藻林。然后，该功能被应用到55个实验小区，这已经建立在1996年的岩藻林。根据2005年的数据，所有未清理的对照区和除一片小型空地外的所有空地均被归类为岩藻林; 37%的大型空地被归类为贻贝床。我们的研究结果解决贻贝与岩藻的建立和补充，而不是反驳目前的范式，贻贝床和岩藻的立场，一旦建立，保持强有力的消费者控制的特定地点的差异。
Small changes in environmental conditions can unexpectedly tip an ecosystem from one community type to another, and these often irreversible shifts have been observed in semi-arid grasslands, freshwater lakes and ponds, coral reefs, and kelp forests. A commonly accepted explanation is that these ecosystems contain multiple stable points, but experimental tests confirming multiple stable states have proven elusive. Here we present a novel approach and show that mussel beds and rockweed stands are multiple stable states on intertidal shores in the Gulf of Maine, USA. Using broad-scale observational data and long-term data from experimental clearings, we show that the removal of rockweed by winter ice scour can tip persistent rockweed stands to mussel beds. The observational data were analyzed with Anderson's discriminant analysis of principal coordinates, which provided an objective function to separate mussel beds from rockweed stands. The function was then applied to 55 experimental plots, which had been established in rockweed stands in 1996. Based on 2005 data, all uncleared controls and all but one of the small clearings were classified as rockweed stands; 37% of the large clearings were classified as mussel beds. Our results address the establishment of mussels versus rockweeds and complement rather than refute the current paradigm that mussel beds and rockweed stands, once established, are maintained by site-specific differences in strong consumer control.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Estes, JA;Tinker, MT;Doak, DF
通讯作者：
Doak, DF
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Clark, JS
通讯作者：
Clark, JS
影响因子：
6.1
作者：
MENGE, BA
通讯作者：
MENGE, BA
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
ABERG, P
通讯作者：
ABERG, P
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
PAINE, RT;CASTILLO, JC;CANCINO, J
通讯作者：
CANCINO, J