Current perspectives of the signaling pathways directing neural crest induction.

Current perspectives of the signaling pathways directing neural crest induction.
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DOI:
10.1007/s00018-012-0991-8
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发表时间:
2012-11
影响因子:
8
通讯作者:
Garcia-Castro, Martin I.
Garcia-Castro, Martin I.
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Stuhlmiller, Timothy J.;Garcia-Castro, Martin I.

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神经嵴是胚胎细胞的一个迁移群体,具有巨大的分化潜力,并对成人身体的几乎每个器官系统都有贡献。在过去的二十年里,大量的研究让我们对这些细胞是如何产生的有了合理的了解。神经嵴诱导涉及多种信号通路和转录因子的组合输入,被认为发生在从原肠胚形成到神经发育的两个阶段。在第一阶段,FGF和Wnt信号诱导神经板边缘的NC祖细胞,激活Msx、Pax和Zic家族成员的表达。在第二阶段,BMP、Wnt和Notch信号维持这些祖细胞,并导致决定性NC标记的表达,包括Snail2、FoxD3和Sox9/10。近年来,这些途径的其他信号分子和调节剂被发现,创造了一个日益复杂的调控网络。在这项工作中,我们提供了参与神经嵴诱导的主要信号通路的全面回顾,重点是最近的发展和当前的观点。我们提供了四种主要模式生物(爪蟾、小鸡、斑马鱼和老鼠)早期神经嵴发育和应激异同的简化模型。
The neural crest is a migratory population of embryonic cells with a tremendous potential to differentiate and contribute to nearly every organ system in the adult body. Over the past two decades, an incredible amount of research has given us a reasonable understanding of how these cells are generated. Neural crest induction involves the combinatorial input of multiple signaling pathways and transcription factors, and is thought to occur in two phases from gastrulation to neurulation. In the first phase, FGF and Wnt signaling induce NC progenitors at the border of the neural plate, activating the expression of members of the Msx, Pax, and Zic families, among others. In the second phase, BMP, Wnt, and Notch signaling maintain these progenitors and bring about the expression of definitive NC markers including Snail2, FoxD3, and Sox9/10. In recent years, additional signaling molecules and modulators of these pathways have been uncovered, creating an increasingly complex regulatory network. In this work, we provide a comprehensive review of the major signaling pathways that participate in neural crest induction, with a focus on recent developments and current perspectives. We provide a simplified model of early neural crest development and stress similarities and differences between four major model organisms: Xenopus, chick, zebrafish, and mouse.
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