The effects of acute alcohol administration on the human brain: insights from neuroimaging.

The effects of acute alcohol administration on the human brain: insights from neuroimaging.
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急性酒精给药对人脑的影响:神经影像学的见解。

DOI:
10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.07.039
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发表时间:
2014-09
期刊:
影响因子:
4.7
通讯作者:
Gilman JM
Gilman JM
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bjork JM;Gilman JM

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在过去的四分之一世纪里,研究人员一直在研究活着的人类大脑,以发展和完善酒精诱导行为的机制,以及成瘾发展和维持的神经生物学机制。这些体内神经影像学研究一般表明,急性酒精管理影响大脑结构牵连的动机和行为控制,慢性中毒与结构和功能异常,在这些相同的结构,这些递减的一些元素正常化与延长清醒。在这篇综述中,我们将总结最近的研究结果,急性人类大脑对酒精的神经影像技术,以及他们如何可能解释酒精中毒的行为影响。然后,我们简要地讨论如何慢性酒精中毒(从不同饮酒人群和对照组之间的横截面差异推断)可能会产生饮酒受试者之间的个体大脑差异,这可能会混淆急性酒精管理效果的解释。
Over the last quarter century, researchers have peered into the living human brain to develop and refine mechanistic accounts of alcohol-induced behavior, as well as neurobiological mechanisms for development and maintenance of addiction. These in vivo neuroimaging studies generally show that acute alcohol administration affects brain structures implicated in motivation and behavior control, and that chronic intoxication is correlated with structural and functional abnormalities in these same structures, where some elements of these decrements normalize with extended sobriety. In this review, we will summarize recent findings about acute human brain responses to alcohol using neuroimaging techniques, and how they might explain behavioral effects of alcohol intoxication. We then briefly address how chronic alcohol intoxication (as inferred from cross-sectional differences between various drinking populations and controls) may yield individual brain differences between drinking subjects that may confound interpretation of acute alcohol administration effects.
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