Impulsivity, frontal lobes and risk for addiction.
Impulsivity, frontal lobes and risk for addiction.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.pbb.2009.04.018
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发表时间：
2009-09
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Boettiger, Charlotte Ann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crews, Fulton Timm;Boettiger, Charlotte Ann
酒精和物质滥用障碍涉及持续使用物质，尽管有负面后果，即失去对药物使用的行为控制。大脑的额叶皮层区域通过执行功能监督行为控制。执行功能包括抽象思维、动机、计划、注意任务和抑制冲动反应。冲动通常是指不成熟的，过度冒险的，考虑不周的行动。功能障碍性冲动包括注意力缺陷，缺乏反思和/或对后果不敏感，所有这些都发生在成瘾中。酗酒模型表明，慢性酒精损伤皮质边缘脑区，导致逆转学习缺陷，表明执行功能丧失。遗传和青少年年龄是酒精中毒的危险因素，与酒精诱导的神经毒性敏感性一致。酒精滥用导致的皮质变性可能会增加冲动性，从而导致酒精使用障碍的发展、持续和严重程度。有趣的是，禁欲导致神经发生和大脑再生的爆发。酒精中毒的治疗，包括纳洛酮药物治疗和心理治疗可能通过改善执行功能来起作用。本文将探讨冲动性和执行功能行为之间的关系，在酒精依赖和恢复过程中的皮质结构的变化。
Alcohol and substance abuse disorders involve continued use of substances despite negative consequences, i.e. loss of behavioral control of drug use. The frontal cortical areas of brain oversee behavioral control through executive functions. Executive functions include abstract thinking, motivation, planning, attention to tasks and inhibition of impulsive responses. Impulsiveness generally refers to premature, unduly risky, poorly conceived actions. Dysfunctional impulsivity includes deficits in attention, lack of reflection and/or insensitivity to consequences, all of which occur in addiction (. Binge drinking models indicate chronic alcohol damages corticolimbic brain regions causing reversal learning deficits indicative of loss of executive function. Genetics and adolescent age are risk factors for alcoholism that coincide with sensitivity to alcohol induced neurotoxicity. Cortical degeneration from alcohol abuse may increase impulsivity contributing to the development, persistence and severity of alcohol use disorders. Interestingly, abstinence results in bursts of neurogenesis and brain regrowth. Treatments for alcoholism, including naltrexone pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy may work through improving executive functions. This review will examine the relationships between impulsivity and executive function behaviors to changes in cortical structure during alcohol dependence and recovery.
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影响因子：
14.5
作者：
Berlin, HA;Rolls, ET;Kischka, U
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
5.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.1097/00000374-200102000-00023
发表时间：
2001-02-01
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
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作者：
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一种针对冲动的神经遗传学方法。
影响因子：
5
作者：
Congdon, Eliza;Canli, Turhan
通讯作者：
Canli, Turhan