Earthquake nucleation in intact or healed rocks

Earthquake nucleation in intact or healed rocks
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完整或愈合岩石中的地震成核

DOI:
10.1002/2014jb011518
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发表时间:
2015
期刊:
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
Brantut N
Brantut N
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Brantut N

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地震的产生是因为断层随着滑动和滑动速率的增加而失去强度。滑移相关强度的最简单表示是线性滑移弱化模型,其特征是残余摩擦力线性下降。然而,愈合的断层岩往往在开始弱化之前表现出一定的滑动强化。在这里,我们研究了这种滑移硬化阶段对滑移斑初始生长和破裂不稳定性成核的影响。我们假设一个分段线性强度与滑移本构关系。我们计算了平面内或反平面破裂构型的应力和滑移分布,以响应增加的局部峰值(曲率为κ的抛物线)应力分布。与严格的线性滑移弱化情况相比,我们的计算表明,加载曲线的曲率和背景应力的水平强烈影响成核尺寸。即使对于少量的滑移硬化,我们发现临界成核尺寸与κ→0成比例,即,对于足够平滑的载荷分布,裂纹生长直到非常大的裂纹尺寸都保持稳定。同样,当背景应力τbis与初始强度τc非常接近时,临界裂纹尺寸与τ c成正比。本征值分析表明,成核长度增加的比例进行滑移硬化的裂纹的增加,无论加载配置文件的细节。总的来说,我们的研究结果表明,地震成核的大小可以显着增加,由于滑移硬化(例如,在愈合的断层岩石中),特别是当背景载荷平稳时。
Earthquakes are generated because faults lose strength with increasing slip and slip rate. Among the simplest representations of slip‐dependent strength is the linear slip‐weakening model, characterized by a linear drop to a residual friction. However, healed fault rocks often exhibit some slip strengthening before the onset of weakening. Here we investigate the effect of such a slip‐hardening phase on the initial growth of a slip patch and on the nucleation of rupture instabilities. We assume a piecewise linear strength versus slip constitutive relation. We compute stress and slip distributions for in‐plane or antiplane rupture configurations in response to an increasing, locally peaked (parabolic with curvatureκ) stress profile. In contrast with the strictly linear slip‐weakening case, our calculations show that the curvature of the loading profile and the level of background stress strongly influence the nucleation size. Even for small amounts of slip hardening, we find that the critical nucleation size scales with forκ→0, i.e., crack growth remains stable up to very large crack sizes for sufficiently smooth loading profiles. Likewise, when the background stressτbis very close to the initial strengthτc, the critical crack size scales with . An eigenvalue analysis shows that the nucleation length increases as the proportion of the crack undergoing slip hardening increases, irrespective of the details of the loading profile. Overall, our results indicate that earthquake nucleation sizes can significantly increase due to slip hardening (e.g., in healed fault rocks), especially when the background loading is smooth.
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