DNA Polymerase θ: A Unique Multifunctional End-Joining Machine.

DNA Polymerase θ: A Unique Multifunctional End-Joining Machine.
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DOI:
10.3390/genes7090067
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发表时间:
2016-09-21
期刊:
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Pomerantz RT
Pomerantz RT
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Black SJ;Kashkina E;Kent T;Pomerantz RT

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编码DNA聚合酶θ(POLθ)的基因在十多年前被发现,在哺乳动物细胞中具有抑制基因组不稳定性的作用。研究已经清楚地证明了这种独特的A家族聚合酶在后生动物的双链断裂(DSB)修复途径替代末端连接(ALT-EJ)中的重要功能,也被称为微同源介导的末端连接(MMEJ)。生化和细胞研究表明,POLθ具有独特的ALT-EJ能力,在此过程中,由于其强大的末端转移酶活性,聚合酶产生插入突变,涉及模板依赖和独立的DNA合成模式。有趣的是,POLQ基因还编码一个保守的超家族2Hel308型依赖于ATP的解旋酶结构域,该结构域可能有助于ALT-EJ,并被报道通过其抗重组酶活性抑制同源重组(HR)。在这里,我们回顾了目前关于POLθ介导的末端连接的知识,聚合酶和解旋酶结构域的特定活性,并展望了这种多功能酶如何促进在S和G2细胞周期中形成的DSB的ALT-EJ修复。
The gene encoding DNA polymerase θ (Polθ) was discovered over ten years ago as having a role in suppressing genome instability in mammalian cells. Studies have now clearly documented an essential function for this unique A-family polymerase in the double-strand break (DSB) repair pathway alternative end-joining (alt-EJ), also known as microhomology-mediated end-joining (MMEJ), in metazoans. Biochemical and cellular studies show that Polθ exhibits a unique ability to perform alt-EJ and during this process the polymerase generates insertion mutations due to its robust terminal transferase activity which involves template-dependent and independent modes of DNA synthesis. Intriguingly, the POLQ gene also encodes for a conserved superfamily 2 Hel308-type ATP-dependent helicase domain which likely assists in alt-EJ and was reported to suppress homologous recombination (HR) via its anti-recombinase activity. Here, we review our current knowledge of Polθ-mediated end-joining, the specific activities of the polymerase and helicase domains, and put into perspective how this multifunctional enzyme promotes alt-EJ repair of DSBs formed during S and G2 cell cycle phases.
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