Multisystem pathology in McLeod syndrome.

Multisystem pathology in McLeod syndrome.
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麦克劳德综合征的多系统病理学。

DOI:
10.1111/neup.12935
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
official journal of the Japanese Society of Neuropathology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Schon KR
Schon KR
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Schon KR

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我们提出了一个全面的临床特征,神经病理,和多系统的特点与遗传确认的麦克劳德神经棘细胞增多症的男子,包括视频和尸检结果。1例61岁男性,表现为运动障碍和行为改变。检查显示四肢肌张力障碍舞蹈样运动,深肌腱反射减少,步态宽。他患有下颌运动障碍,导致严重的吞咽困难。血清肌酐激酶(CK)升高是在他30多岁时首次发现的,但当时的检查,包括肌肉活检,都没有定论。脑磁共振显示脑白质体积减少,基底节萎缩,慢性小血管缺血。尽管CK升高,但肌电图未显示肌病改变。外显子组基因面板检测为阴性,但靶向遗传分析显示xk基因c.895C > T . p.(Gln299Ter)的半合子致病变异,与麦克劳德综合征的诊断一致。患者死于败血症,尸检显示星形胶质细胞增生和基底神经节萎缩,壳核弥漫性铁沉积,轻度阿尔茨海默病病理。肌肉病理表现为轻度慢性神经源性萎缩,无明显的肌病特征。他患有非特异性心肌病和脾肿大。麦克劳德综合征是一种极其罕见的神经退行性疾病,由xk基因的X连锁隐性突变引起。诊断具有管理意义,因为患者有严重输血反应和心脏并发症的风险。当怀疑临床诊断时,应询问候选基因,而不是仅仅依靠外显子组面板。
We present a comprehensive characterization of clinical, neuropathological, and multisystem features of a man with genetically confirmed McLeod neuroacanthocytosis syndrome, including video and autopsy findings. A 61‐year‐old man presented with a movement disorder and behavioral change. Examination showed dystonic choreiform movements in all four limbs, reduced deep‐tendon reflexes, and wide‐based gait. He had oromandibular dyskinesia causing severe dysphagia. Elevated serum creatinine kinase (CK) was first noted in his thirties, but investigations, including muscle biopsy at that time, were inconclusive. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed white matter volume loss, atrophic basal ganglia, and chronic small vessel ischemia. Despite raised CK, electromyography did not show myopathic changes. Exome gene panel testing was negative, but targeted genetic analysis revealed a hemizygous pathogenic variant in theXKgene c.895C > T p.(Gln299Ter), consistent with a diagnosis of McLeod syndrome. The patient died of sepsis, and autopsy showed astrocytic gliosis and atrophy of the basal ganglia, diffuse iron deposition in the putamen, and mild Alzheimer's pathology. Muscle pathology was indicative of mild chronic neurogenic atrophy without overt myopathic features. He had non‐specific cardiomyopathy and splenomegaly. McLeod syndrome is an ultra‐rare neurodegenerative disorder caused by X‐linked recessive mutations in theXKgene. Diagnosis has management implications since patients are at risk of severe transfusion reactions and cardiac complications. When a clinical diagnosis is suspected, candidate genes should be interrogated rather than solely relying on exome panels.
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