Mountain gorillas benefit from social distancing too: Close proximity from tourists affects gorillas' sociality

Mountain gorillas benefit from social distancing too: Close proximity from tourists affects gorillas' sociality
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山地大猩猩也受益于社交距离:与游客的距离过近会影响大猩猩的社交性

DOI:
10.1111/csp2.12859
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
3.1
通讯作者:
Hayashi Misato
Hayashi Misato
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Costa Raquel F. P.;Romano Val?ria;Pereira Andr? S.;Hart Jordan D. A.;MacIntosh Andrew;Hayashi Misato

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大猩猩旅游支持其生态系统的保护,使生活在其中的人类和野生动物种群受益。评估游客的存在和接近程度对野生动物的影响有助于长期利益。由于野生动物可能会将人类活动视为压力源,我们假设游客的出现和接近会导致大猩猩社会凝聚力的立即变化。我们构建了社交网络,从关联率之前,期间,和之后的游客访问,当游客非常接近(≤3米)或接近(>3米)。我们的分析集中在这个距离阈值(≤3 m和>3 m)上,因为国家公园执行的7 m规则在84%的时间内被违反。我们发现,大猩猩花更多的时间在游客到达后,当游客距离大猩猩<3米。在相互接近的个体数量,他们在一起度过的时间以及个体与所有其他人的距离方面发现了立即的变化,这表明大猩猩可能会增加社会凝聚力,因为它们认为游客是一种风险。这些结果强调了执行旅游指南的必要性(每组最多8人,包括公园工作人员;最小距离为7米),以确保大猩猩旅游业的可持续成功。
Gorilla tourism supports the protection of its ecosystem, benefiting humans and wildlife populations living therein. Assessing to what degree the presence and proximity of tourists affect wildlife aids long‐term benefits. Because wild animals might see human activities as stressors, we hypothesized that the increased presence and proximity of tourists leads to immediate changes in gorilla social cohesion. We constructed social networks from association rates before, during, and after tourist visits, and when tourists were very close (≤3 m) or close (>3 m) to them. Our analysis focused on this distance threshold (≤3 m and >3 m) because the 7 m rule, enforced by the national park, was violated 84% of the time. We showed that gorillas spent more time in closer association after tourists arrived and when tourists were <3 m away from gorillas. Immediate changes were detected in the number of individuals close to each other, the time they spent together and the distance of an individual to all others, indicating that gorillas might increase social cohesion because they perceive tourists as a risk. These results highlight the need to enforce the tourism guidelines (maximum of eight people per group, including park staff; minimum distance of 7 m) to ensure the sustainable success of gorilla tourism.
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