Quantum entanglement for systems of identical bosons: I. General features
Quantum entanglement for systems of identical bosons: I. General features
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相同玻色子系统的量子纠缠：I. 一般特征
DOI：
10.1088/1402-4896/92/2/023004
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Dalton B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dalton B
这两篇论文涉及相同大质量玻色子系统的双模纠缠，以及与自旋压缩和其他量子关联效应的关系。纠缠是复合系统的一个关键量子特征，其中复合子系统上的联合测量概率不再由单独子系统上的测量概率来确定。纠缠有很多方面可以研究。这篇由两部分组成的综述集中于纠缠的含义，与纠缠态相关的量子悖论，以及允许实验者确定量子态--特别是大质量玻色子的量子态--是否存在纠缠的重要测试。审查的总体结果是区分纠缠的标准(因此也是实验)，充分利用对称化原理和可以应用于玻色大质量粒子的超选择规则。在第一篇论文(I)中，给出了纠缠在全同粒子系统中的意义的背景。对于这样的系统，要求相关的量子密度算符必须满足对称化原理，并且全局和局部超选择规则禁止不同粒子数之间存在相干的状态。充分讨论了这些要求的合理性。在所使用的第二量化方法中，系统和子系统都是模式(或模式集)而不是粒子，粒子与模式的不同占有率相关联。纠缠态的定义是基于首先定义非纠缠态--在指定哪些模构成子系统之后。这项工作主要集中在大质量玻色子的双模纠缠，但放在局域隐变量理论测试的背景下，人们可能无法做出上述限制。这篇综述为最近一篇论文的结论提供了必要的详细论点，其中研究了如何严格证明双模玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体(BEC)的纠缠问题。在随附的综述文件(II)中，我们考虑了已提出的双模玻色子系统的自旋压缩和其他纠缠测试。我们应用回顾(I)的方法来确定哪些测试和哪些测试的修改对于检测质量玻色子(BEC)而不是光子系统中的纠缠是有用的。推导了几个新的不等式，给出了所需的双模干涉测量的理论，并分析了迄今为止的关键实验。
These two accompanying papers are concerned with two mode entanglement for systems of identical massive bosons and the relationship to spin squeezing and other quantum correlation effects. Entanglement is a key quantum feature of composite systems in which the probabilities for joint measurements on the composite sub-systems are no longer determined from measurement probabilities on the separate sub-systems. There are many aspects of entanglement that can be studied. This two-part review focuses on the meaning of entanglement, the quantum paradoxes associated with entangled states, and the important tests that allow an experimentalist to determine whether a quantum state—in particular, one for massive bosons is entangled. An overall outcome of the review is to distinguish criteria (and hence experiments) for entanglement that fully utilize the symmetrization principle and the super-selection rules that can be applied to bosonic massive particles. In the first paper (I), the background is given for the meaning of entanglement in the context of systems of identical particles. For such systems, the requirement is that the relevant quantum density operators must satisfy the symmetrization principle and that global and local super-selection rules prohibit states in which there are coherences between differing particle numbers. The justification for these requirements is fully discussed. In the second quantization approach that is used, both the system and the sub-systems are modes (or sets of modes) rather than particles, particles being associated with different occupancies of the modes. The definition of entangled states is based on first defining the non-entangled states—after specifying which modes constitute the sub-systems. This work mainly focuses on the two mode entanglement for massive bosons, but is put in the context of tests of local hidden variable theories, where one may not be able to make the above restrictions. The review provides the detailed arguments necessary for the conclusions of a recent paper, where the question of how to rigorously demonstrate the entanglement of a two-mode Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) has been examined. In the accompanying review paper (II), we consider spin squeezing and other tests for entanglement that have been proposed for two-mode bosonic systems. We apply the approach of review (I) to determine which tests, and which modifications of the tests, are useful for detecting entanglement in massive bosonic (BEC), as opposed to photonic, systems. Several new inequalities are derived, a theory for the required two-mode interferometry is presented, and key experiments to date are analyzed.
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影响因子：
1.2
作者：
Bartlett, SD;Rudolph, T;Spekkens, RW
通讯作者：
Spekkens, RW
量子力学世界中的时间
DOI：
10.1088/0305-4470/24/13/018
发表时间：
1991
期刊：
Journal of Physics A
影响因子：
--
作者：
D. Pegg
通讯作者：
D. Pegg
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
R. Bach;K. Rzążewski
通讯作者：
R. Bach;K. Rzążewski
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Molmer, K
通讯作者：
Molmer, K
原子激光器、相干态和相干性。
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
H. Wiseman;J. Vaccaro
通讯作者：
J. Vaccaro