Within-population covariation between sexual reproduction and susceptibility to local parasites.
Within-population covariation between sexual reproduction and susceptibility to local parasites.
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DOI：
10.1111/evo.13001
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发表时间：
2016-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lively CM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gibson AK;Xu JY;Lively CM
进化生物学尚未将性的普遍存在与无性繁殖的成本相协调。在这里，我们测试了共同进化的寄生虫在其宿主中维持性的假设。具体来说，我们研究了淡水蜗牛（Potamopyrgus antipodarum）的有性生殖分布和对当地寄生虫的易感性。对本地吸虫（Microphallus sp.）的易感性是该系统中共同进化选择强度的相对度量。因此，如果共同进化的寄生虫维持性，在易感性高的地方，性蜗牛应该是常见的。我们通过测量来自湖泊多个地点的蜗牛的易感性，在有性和无性蜗牛混合种群中验证了这一预测。结果表明，钉螺的发生频率与对当地寄生虫的易感性呈密切正相关。引人注目的是，仅仅两年，在易感性下降的地方，无性恋女性的频率增加了。我们还发现，在田间，雌性交配频率与易感性的关系比与小阴茎感染的流行程度的关系更强烈。在将易感性与性宿主的频率联系起来的过程中，我们的研究结果直接暗示了共同进化选择在推动性别地理镶嵌中的空间差异。
Evolutionary biology has yet to reconcile the ubiquity of sex with its costs relative to asexual reproduction. Here, we test the hypothesis that coevolving parasites maintain sex in their hosts. Specifically, we examined the distributions of sexual reproduction and susceptibility to local parasites within a single population of freshwater snails (Potamopyrgus antipodarum). Susceptibility to local trematode parasites (Microphallus sp.) is a relative measure of the strength of coevolutionary selection in this system. Thus, if coevolving parasites maintain sex, sexual snails should be common where susceptibility is high. We tested this prediction in a mixed population of sexual and asexual snails by measuring the susceptibility of snails from multiple sites in a lake. Consistent with the prediction, the frequency of sexual snails was tightly and positively correlated with susceptibility to local parasites. Strikingly, in just two years, asexual females increased in frequency at sites where susceptibility declined. We also found that the frequency of sexual females covaries more strongly with susceptibility than with the prevalence of Microphallus infection in the field. In linking susceptibility to the frequency of sexual hosts, our results directly implicate spatial variation in coevolutionary selection in driving the geographic mosaic of sex.
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