Behavioral and electrophysiological correlates of training-induced cognitive control improvements.
Behavioral and electrophysiological correlates of training-induced cognitive control improvements.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.07.032
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发表时间：
2012-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Pizzagalli, Diego A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Millner, Alexander J.;Jaroszewski, Adam C.;Chamarthi, Harish;Pizzagalli, Diego A.
认知控制--为了实现目标而对思想、注意力和行为施加控制的能力--对适应功能至关重要，其破坏是各种神经精神和神经退行性疾病的特征。近年来，人们越来越多地关注训练对表现和脑功能的影响，但对于训练能否改善认知控制，人们知之甚少。为了填补这一空白，我们设计了一个针对认知控制的各个组成部分的简短培训，包括冲突监控和干扰解决。20名参与者进行了为期3天的训练方案，在训练前后分别进行相同的训练，其中包括事件相关电位(ERP)记录。为了检测迁移效应，培训和培训前/培训后采用了不同的任务，假设依赖于类似的干扰解决机制。我们假设训练将选择性地改善高干扰(即不一致)试验的性能，并与N_2分量中的幅度降低相关，N_2分量是已知的指示干扰的波形。试验到试验的行为调整也被分析，以评估训练引起的改善的潜在机制。与训练前相比，参与者在不一致但不一致的试验中表现出反应时间(RT)和氮气幅度的减少，这表明干扰解决能力有所提高。关键的是，在训练过程中表现出最大程度减少干扰效应的参与者在另一项单独的任务中表现出了训练前到训练后最大的N2幅度减少，这突出了转移效应。总体而言，结果表明，短暂的训练可以改善认知控制，特别是抑制与任务无关的信息的能力。
Cognitive control – the ability to exert control over thoughts, attention and behavior in order to achieve a goal – is essential to adaptive functioning and its disruption characterizes various neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. In recent years, increased attention has been devoted to investigating the effects of training on performance and brain function, but little is known about whether cognitive control can be improved through training. To fill this gap, we designed a brief training targeting various components of cognitive control, including conflict monitoring and interference resolution. Twenty participants performed a 3-day training protocol, preceded and followed by identical pre- and post-training sessions, respectively, which included event-related potential (ERP) recordings. To detect transfer effects, the training and pre-/post-training sessions employed different tasks hypothesized to rely on similar interference resolution mechanisms. We hypothesized that training would selectively improve performance for high-interference (i.e., incongruent) trials and be associated with reduced amplitudes in the N2 component, a waveform known to index interference. Trial-to-trial behavioral adjustments were also analyzed to assess potential mechanisms of training-induced improvements. Relative to pre-training, participants showed reduced reaction time (RT) and N2 amplitude for incongruent, but not congruent, trials, suggesting improved interference resolution. Critically, participants showing the greatest reductions in interference effects during the course of the training displayed the largest pre- to post-training reductions in N2 amplitudes in a separate task, highlighting transfer effects. Overall, results suggest that a brief training can improve cognitive control, specifically the ability to inhibit task-irrelevant information.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1468-2850.1995.tb00036.x
发表时间：
1995-06-01
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
GROSS, JJ;MUNOZ, RF
通讯作者：
MUNOZ, RF
DOI：
10.1016/0013-4694(75)90056-5
发表时间：
1975-01-01
期刊：
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY AND CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
HJORTH, B
通讯作者：
HJORTH, B
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
GRATTON, G;COLES, MGH;DONCHIN, E
通讯作者：
DONCHIN, E
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Elliott, R;Rubinsztein, JS;Dolan, RJ
通讯作者：
Dolan, RJ
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Fan, J;Flombaum, JI;Posner, MI
通讯作者：
Posner, MI