Artificial selection on relative brain size in the guppy reveals costs and benefits of evolving a larger brain.
Artificial selection on relative brain size in the guppy reveals costs and benefits of evolving a larger brain.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2012.11.058
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发表时间：
2013-01-21
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Kolm, Niclas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kotrschal, Alexander;Rogell, Bjorn;Bundsen, Andreas;Svensson, Beatrice;Zajitschek, Susanne;Brannstrom, Ioana;Immler, Simone;Maklakov, Alexei A.;Kolm, Niclas
动物王国中存在的大脑大小的巨大差异被认为是通过在更大的认知能力的选择优势和更大的大脑的令人望而却步的高能量需求之间的平衡而进化出来的（“昂贵的组织假说”）。尽管对大脑大小进化的研究已经进行了一个多世纪，但认知能力和能量消耗之间权衡的经验支持完全基于相关证据，该理论仍然存在争议。在这里，我们为增加大脑尺寸的成本和收益提供了实验证据。我们对孔雀鱼（Poecilia reticulata）进行了相对于身体大小的大脑大小的人工选择，发现相对大脑大小在两性的不同选择中迅速进化。在一项旨在测试认知能力的数值学习测试中，脑容量大的女性表现优于脑容量小的女性。此外，正如昂贵组织假说所预测的那样，脑容量大的物种，尤其是雄性，肠道更小，后代也更少。我们提出脑大小的进化是由认知能力和生殖能力之间的功能权衡所介导的，并讨论了这些发现对脊椎动物脑进化的影响。►孔雀鱼的大脑大小对不同选择反应迅速►大脑袋的雌性比小脑袋的雌性在学习任务中表现得更好►大脑袋的进化导致了更小的内脏和更少的后代
The large variation in brain size that exists in the animal kingdom has been suggested to have evolved through the balance between selective advantages of greater cognitive ability and the prohibitively high energy demands of a larger brain (the “expensive-tissue hypothesis”). Despite over a century of research on the evolution of brain size, empirical support for the trade-off between cognitive ability and energetic costs is based exclusively on correlative evidence, and the theory remains controversial. Here we provide experimental evidence for costs and benefits of increased brain size. We used artificial selection for large and small brain size relative to body size in a live-bearing fish, the guppy (Poecilia reticulata), and found that relative brain size evolved rapidly in response to divergent selection in both sexes. Large-brained females outperformed small-brained females in a numerical learning assay designed to test cognitive ability. Moreover, large-brained lines, especially males, developed smaller guts, as predicted by the expensive-tissue hypothesis, and produced fewer offspring. We propose that the evolution of brain size is mediated by a functional trade-off between increased cognitive ability and reproductive performance and discuss the implications of these findings for vertebrate brain evolution. ► Brain size responded rapidly to divergent selection in the guppy ► Large-brained females outperformed small-brained females in a learning task ► Evolution of larger brains leads to smaller guts and lower offspring number
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