ADHD: Current Concepts and Treatments in Children and Adolescents.
ADHD: Current Concepts and Treatments in Children and Adolescents.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1055/s-0040-1701658
复制
发表时间：
2020-10
期刊：
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Walitza S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Drechsler R;Brem S;Brandeis D;Grünblatt E;Berger G;Walitza S
注意力缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD) 是儿童和青少年精神病学中最常见的疾病之一，患病率超过 5%。疾病分类系统，例如《精神疾病诊断和统计手册》第 5 版 (DSM-5) 和《国际疾病分类》第 10 版和第 11 版 (ICD-10/11) 继续根据观察和知情人报告的行为标准来定义 ADHD。尽管过去 10 到 20 年对 ADHD 进行了大量研究，但仍然缺乏有效的神经生物学标记或其他可能导致明确诊断分类的客观标准。相反，多动症的概念似乎变得更广泛、更异质。因此，ADHD 的诊断和治疗对临床医生来说仍然具有挑战性，需要更多地依赖他们的专业知识和经验。本综述的第一部分概述了该疾病的当前定义（DSM-5、ICD-10/11）。此外，它还讨论了 ADHD 构造中更具争议性的方面，包括维度方法与分类方法、替代 ADHD 构造以及与流行病学和患病率有关的方面。第二部分重点讨论合并症、区分“原发性”和“继发性”多动症以进行鉴别诊断的困难以及临床诊断程序。第三部分也是最突出的部分，概述了当前 ADHD 的神经生物学概念，包括神经心理学和神经生理学研究以及当前神经影像学和遗传学研究的总结。最后，对治疗方案进行了回顾，包括对多模式、药物和非药物干预措施及其证据基础的讨论。
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most frequent disorders within child and adolescent psychiatry, with a prevalence of over 5%. Nosological systems, such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) and the International Classification of Diseases, editions 10 and 11 (ICD-10/11) continue to define ADHD according to behavioral criteria, based on observation and on informant reports. Despite an overwhelming body of research on ADHD over the last 10 to 20 years, valid neurobiological markers or other objective criteria that may lead to unequivocal diagnostic classification are still lacking. On the contrary, the concept of ADHD seems to have become broader and more heterogeneous. Thus, the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD are still challenging for clinicians, necessitating increased reliance on their expertise and experience. The first part of this review presents an overview of the current definitions of the disorder (DSM-5, ICD-10/11). Furthermore, it discusses more controversial aspects of the construct of ADHD, including the dimensional versus categorical approach, alternative ADHD constructs, and aspects pertaining to epidemiology and prevalence. The second part focuses on comorbidities, on the difficulty of distinguishing between “primary” and “secondary” ADHD for purposes of differential diagnosis, and on clinical diagnostic procedures. In the third and most prominent part, an overview of current neurobiological concepts of ADHD is given, including neuropsychological and neurophysiological researches and summaries of current neuroimaging and genetic studies. Finally, treatment options are reviewed, including a discussion of multimodal, pharmacological, and nonpharmacological interventions and their evidence base.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
1.6
作者：
Aarts E;van Holstein M;Hoogman M;Onnink M;Kan C;Franke B;Buitelaar J;Cools R
通讯作者：
Cools R
影响因子：
3
作者：
Arns, Martijn;Conners, C. Keith;Kraemer, Helena C.
通讯作者：
Kraemer, Helena C.
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Albrecht, Bjoern;Brandeis, Daniel;Banaschewski, Tobias
通讯作者：
Banaschewski, Tobias
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Banerji, Anna;Shah, Chandrakant
通讯作者：
Shah, Chandrakant
影响因子：
6
作者：
Banaschewski, Tobias;Soutullo, Cesar;Lecendreux, Michel;Johnson, Mats;Zuddas, Alessandro;Hodgkins, Paul;Adeyi, Ben;Squires, Liza A.;Coghill, David
通讯作者：
Coghill, David