Intestinal microbes affect phenotypes and functions of invariant natural killer T cells in mice.

Intestinal microbes affect phenotypes and functions of invariant natural killer T cells in mice.
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DOI:
10.1053/j.gastro.2012.04.017
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发表时间:
2012-08
期刊:
影响因子:
29.4
通讯作者:
Kronenberg M
Kronenberg M
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wingender G;Stepniak D;Krebs P;Lin L;McBride S;Wei B;Braun J;Mazmanian SK;Kronenberg M

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小鼠中,不变的自然杀伤 T (iNKT) 细胞经历 T 细胞受体 (TCR) 的典型 Vα14-Jα18 重排;这种形式的 TCR 可识别 CD1d 呈递的糖脂。 iNKT 细胞介导许多不同的免疫反应。它们的组成型激活和记忆表型以及刺激后效应器功能的快速启动表明先前的抗原特异性刺激。然而,人们对这一过程知之甚少。我们研究了共生微生物是否可以决定 iNKT 细胞的激活表型和功能。我们分析了无菌小鼠、用特定细菌重组的无菌小鼠以及饲养在特定无病原体 (SPF) 环境中的小鼠中 iNKT 细胞的数量、表型和功能。来自不同供应商的 SPF 小鼠具有不同的肠道微生物群。从这些小鼠中分离出的 iNKT 细胞在 TCR Vβ7 频率和细胞因子对抗原的反应方面存在差异,这取决于环境。从无菌小鼠中分离出的 iNKT 细胞具有不太成熟的表型,并且对抗原 α-半乳糖神经酰胺的激活反应低下。将无菌小鼠胃内暴露于携带 iNKT 细胞抗原的鞘氨醇单胞菌,完全建立了 iNKT 细胞的表型成熟度。相比之下,用缺乏 iNKT 细胞特异性抗原的大肠杆菌重建,不会影响 iNKT 细胞的表型。肠道微生物对 iNKT 细胞反应性的影响不需要 Toll 样受体信号,该信号可以独立于 TCR 刺激激活 iNKT 细胞。肠道微生物可以影响小鼠 iNKT 细胞的表型和功能。
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells undergo canonical, Vα14–Jα18 rearrangement of the T-cell receptor (TCR) in mice; this form of the TCR recognizes glycolipids presented by CD1d. iNKT cells mediate many different immune reactions. Their constitutive activated and memory phenotype and rapid initiation of effector functions after stimulation indicate previous antigen-specific stimulation. However, little is known about this process. We investigated whether symbiotic microbes can determine the activated phenotype and function of iNKT cells. We analyzed the numbers, phenotypes, and functions of iNKT cells in germ-free mice, germ-free mice reconstituted with specified bacteria, and mice housed in specific pathogen-free (SPF) environments. SPF mice, obtained from different vendors, have different intestinal microbiota. iNKT cells isolated from these mice differed in TCR Vβ7 frequency and cytokine response to antigen, which depended on the environment. iNKT cells isolated from germ-free mice had a less mature phenotype and were hypo-responsive to activation with the antigen α-galactosylceramide. Intra-gastric exposure of germ-free mice to Sphingomonas bacteria, which carry iNKT cell antigens, fully established phenotypic maturity of iNKT cells. In contrast, reconstitution with Escherichia coli, which lack specific antigens for iNKT cells, did not affect the phenotype of iNKT cells. The effects of intestinal microbes on iNKT cell responsiveness did not require toll-like receptor signals, which can activate iNKT cells independently of TCR stimulation. Intestinal microbes can affect iNKT cell phenotypes and functions in mice.
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