"Tobacco Is the Chief Medicinal Plant in My Work": Therapeutic Uses of Tobacco in Peruvian Amazonian Medicine Exemplified by the Work of a Maestro Tabaquero.
"Tobacco Is the Chief Medicinal Plant in My Work": Therapeutic Uses of Tobacco in Peruvian Amazonian Medicine Exemplified by the Work of a Maestro Tabaquero.
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DOI：
10.3389/fphar.2020.594591
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Martin-Soelch C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berlowitz I;Torres EG;Walt H;Wolf U;Maake C;Martin-Soelch C
有害使用烟草是一个全球关注的公共卫生问题，在许多国家，是非传染性疾病的主要风险因素。然而，在秘鲁亚马逊地区，这个被认为是烟草历史发源地的地理区域，这种植物与一种截然不同的用途和声誉有关：烟草（特别是Nicotiana rustica L.）在这一领域被描述为一种有效的药用植物，局部使用或通过摄入来治疗各种健康状况。这项跨学科实地研究的目的是调查烟草植物的临床应用，按照亚马逊医学的做法，以著名的Maestro Tabaquero为例，他是亚马逊传统治疗师，其医学专业专注于基于烟草的治疗。使用跨学科的临床方法，我们进行了深入的访谈，烟草应用系统化的专家访谈方法，以映射的准备和管理模式，适应症，禁忌症，效果，风险，不良反应，和系统方面的烟草为基础的补救措施。线人的描述揭示了这种植物的治疗特性和范围，安全性和应用技术的精确知识。提到的主要症状包括“精神问题”、呼吸系统问题、寄生虫病（肠道/皮肤）、痛风和被描述为精神能量性质的亚马逊认知状况。口服液体药物是他最常用的制剂，具有急性/亚急性效应，涉及明显的精神活性成分（意识状态改变）和生理反应（呕吐、恶心）。一个熟练的tabaquero，知道如何剂量，管理，并在发生不良反应的情况下进行干预，被认为是安全治疗的必要条件。据我们所知，这是第一个研究采用跨学科的临床方法来检查亚马逊烟草的治疗应用。我们的研究结果为亚马逊医学和紧急致幻剂辅助疗法的研究文献做出了重大贡献，从长远来看，可以在几个领域开辟新的治疗途径。即将进行的研究应评估接受亚马逊烟草治疗的患者的毒性/安全性和临床结果。
Harmful usage of tobacco is a public health problem of global concern and, in many countries, the main risk factor for non-communicable diseases. Yet, in the Peruvian Amazon, the geographical region believed to be tobacco’s historical birthplace, this plant is associated with a strikingly different usage and repute: Tobacco (especially Nicotiana rustica L.) in this area is described as a potent medicinal plant, used topically or via ingestion to treat a variety of health conditions. The goal of this transdisciplinary field study was to investigate clinical applications of the tobacco plant as per Amazonian medicine exemplified in the practice of a reputed Maestro Tabaquero, an Amazonian traditional healer whose medical specialization focuses on tobacco-based treatments. Using a transdisciplinary clinical approach, we conducted in-depth interviews with the tabaquero applying the systematizing expert interview method, in order to map modes of preparation and administration, indications, contraindications, effects, risks, adverse effects, and systemic aspects of tobacco-based remedies. The informant’s descriptions revealed refined knowledge on this plant’s therapeutic properties and scope, safety profile, and application techniques. The main indications mentioned included “problems of the mind,” of the respiratory system, parasitic illnesses (intestinal/skin), gout, and Amazonian epistemic conditions described as spiritual-energetic in nature. A liquid remedy taken orally was his most commonly used preparation, with acute/sub-acute effects involving a pronounced psychoactive component (altered state of consciousness) and physiological response (emesis, nausea). A skilled tabaquero that knows how to dose, administer, and intervene in case of adverse effects was considered imperative for safe treatment delivery. To our knowledge, this is the first study employing a transdisciplinary clinical approach to examine therapeutic applications of tobacco by an Amazonian tabaquero. Our findings significantly contribute to the growing research literature on Amazonian medicine and emergent psychedelic-assisted therapies and could, in the long-term, open new treatment avenues in several domains. Forthcoming studies should assess toxicity/safety and clinical outcomes of patients receiving Amazonian tobacco-based treatment.
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DOI：
10.1155/2013/379291
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM
影响因子：
--
作者：
Deng H;Shen X
通讯作者：
Shen X
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
Martin-Soelch C
影响因子：
8
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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期刊：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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Bhatt, N N