Conceptions and practices of an integrative treatment for substance use disorders involving Amazonian medicine: traditional healers' perspectives.
Conceptions and practices of an integrative treatment for substance use disorders involving Amazonian medicine: traditional healers' perspectives.
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DOI：
10.1590/1516-4446-2016-2117
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发表时间：
2018-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Martin-Soelch C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berlowitz I;Ghasarian C;Walt H;Mendive F;Alvarado V;Martin-Soelch C
有害使用精神活性物质是当今最大的公共卫生问题之一。然而，尽管其全球相关性，目前的治疗药物使用障碍（SUD）仍然没有完全成功。本研究的目的是调查适应SUD的传统亚马逊医学的替代治疗和概念。我们对秘鲁亚马逊地区一家成熟的成瘾治疗中心的13名执业专家进行了半结构化访谈，并对收集的数据进行了定性内容分析。主要范畴的演绎定义和相应的子范畴归纳发展。我们的研究结果揭示了SUD的特征和后果，原因和前因以及治疗方法作为主要类别。总体而言，疾病病因学的概念与当代SUD的生物心理社会模型相似。然而，亚马逊河流域的治疗手段与目前西方的治疗手段明显不同。主要的方法包括饮食撤退，愈合仪式，和清除仪式。专家们强调，亚马孙方法的整体应用以及按照规定的仪式程序的传统实施，对于提供治疗的有效性和安全性至关重要。我们建议对这些疗法进行进一步的科学关注，包括临床研究，我们的结果为这些疗法提供了概念基础。这项研究的结果扩大了对SUD的跨文化理解，从长远来看，可能会增强其治疗选择。
The harmful use of psychoactive substances represents one of today’s largest public health problems. Yet, in spite of its global relevance, current treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs) is still not entirely successful. The purpose of this study was to investigate alternative treatments and conceptions from traditional Amazonian medicine adapted to SUDs. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 13 practicing experts at a well-established addiction treatment center in the Peruvian Amazon and performed qualitative content analysis on the collected data. Main categories were deductively defined and corresponding subcategories inductively developed. Our findings revealed characteristic features and consequences, causes and antecedents, and treatment methods of SUDs as the main categories. Overall, concepts of disease etiology bore resemblance with contemporary biopsychosocial models of SUDs. The Amazonian therapeutic means however differed markedly from current Western ones. The main methods involved dietary retreats, healing ceremonies, and purging rituals. The integral application of Amazonian methods, as well as their traditional implementation according to prescribed ritual protocols, were emphasized by the experts as crucial for efficacy and safety of treatment delivery. We suggest further scientific attention to these therapies, including clinical studies, for which our results provide conceptual underpinnings. Findings from this research expand the cross-cultural understanding of SUDs and, in the long run, may enhance its treatment options.
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