Mindfulness and Attention: Current State-of-Affairs and Future Considerations.
Mindfulness and Attention: Current State-of-Affairs and Future Considerations.
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DOI：
10.1007/s41465-019-00144-5
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发表时间：
2020-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wegman J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Prakash RS;Fountain-Zaragoza S;Kramer AF;Samimy S;Wegman J
本综述考察了正念训练后注意力组成部分变化的纵向研究。共纳入了57项撤退研究、非随机试验和随机对照试验。采用作者提出的经典分类法，结果测量根据是否涉及唤醒状态的维持（警报），对目标项目的注意的选择性优先级（定向）或评估冲突监测（执行注意）进行了广泛分类。尽管许多非随机和撤退研究提供了有希望的证据，证明正念训练在警报和冲突监测方面都有好处，但来自随机对照试验的证据，特别是那些涉及主动对照对照组的证据，则更加复杂。这篇综述呼吁我们关注冥想科学领域的迫切需要，即采用必要的严谨方法来建立正念冥想作为一种有效的认知康复工具。虽然包括等待列表对照比较在内的研究在提供初步可行性数据和前后效应大小方面取得了成果，但迫切需要采用在更广泛的认知和体育训练文献中大力提倡的标准。至关重要的是，需要纳入积极的对照组并明确关注需求特征的减少，以将安慰剂的影响与治疗分开。此外，正念冥想系统研究的关键因素是正念冥想和对照组的详细协议，以及用已建立的信度和效度指标对理论指导的结果变量进行检查。采用这种严谨的方法将允许因果主张支持正念训练作为认知康复和增强的有效治疗方式。
This review examines longitudinal studies of changes in components of attention following mindfulness training. A total of 57 retreat studies, non-randomized trials, and randomized controlled trials were identified. Employing the classical taxonomy proposed by, outcome measures were broadly categorized based on whether they involved maintenance of an aroused state (alerting), selective prioritization of attention to target items (orienting), or assessed conflict monitoring (executive attention). Although many non-randomized and retreat studies provide promising evidence of gains in both alerting and conflict monitoring following mindfulness training, evidence from randomized controlled trials, especially those involving active control comparison groups, is more mixed. This review calls attention to the urgent need in our field of contemplative sciences to adopt the methodological rigor necessary for establishing mindfulness meditation as an effective cognitive rehabilitation tool. Although studies including wait-listed control comparisons were fruitful in providing initial feasibility data and pre-post effect sizes, there is a pressing need to employ standards that have been heavily advocated for in the broader cognitive and physical training literatures. Critically, inclusion of active comparison groups and explicit attention to the reduction of demand characteristics are needed to disentangle the effects of placebo from treatment. Further, detailed protocols for mindfulness and control groups and examination of theoretically guided outcome variables with established metrics for reliability and validity are key ingredients in the systematic study of mindfulness meditation. Adoption of such methodological rigor will allow for causal claims supporting mindfulness training as an efficacious treatment modality for cognitive rehabilitation and enhancement.
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