Relevance of time-dependence for clinically viable diffusion imaging of the spinal cord.

Relevance of time-dependence for clinically viable diffusion imaging of the spinal cord.
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DOI:
10.1002/mrm.27463
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发表时间:
2019-03
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott CAM
Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott CAM
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Grussu F;Ianuş A;Tur C;Prados F;Schneider T;Kaden E;Ourselin S;Drobnjak I;Zhang H;Alexander DC;Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott CAM

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时间依赖性是扩散加权(DW)信号的一个关键特征,它的知识为生物物理建模提供了信息。在这里,我们研究人类脊髓的时间依赖性,因为它的轴突结构是特定的,与大脑不同。我们使用脊髓白色物质(WM)(大轴突)和大脑WM(较小轴突)的合成模型运行Monte Carlo模拟。此外,我们研究了临床上可行的颈髓多壳DW扫描(B = 0; B = 711 s mm−2; B = 2855 s mm−2),使用三个扩散时间(Δ为29、52和76 ms)从三名志愿者中获得。在我们的合成脊髓模型中,轴索内/轴索外垂直扩散率和峰度过剩均显示出时间依赖性。这种时间依赖性主要反映在轴索内垂直DW信号中,与我们的大脑模型不同,该信号也表现出强烈的衰减。在我们的合成脊髓模型中,在存在噪声的情况下,总DW信号的时间依赖性似乎是可检测的,但在大脑中则不然。在体内WM中,我们观察到时间依赖性的宏观和微观扩散率和扩散峰度,NODDI和二室SMT指标。考虑到大轴突口径在很小程度上改善了多室模型的拟合。在脊髓WM中,可以在体内检测到临床上可行的DW MRI指标的时间依赖性,从而为微结构特性的无创估计提供了新的机会。垂直DW信号的时间依赖性可能具有由于大的脊髓轴突口径而引起的强轴突内贡献。因此,一个流行的模型被称为“棒”(零半径圆柱体)可能是次优的描述信号从最大的脊髓轴突。
Time‐dependence is a key feature of the diffusion‐weighted (DW) signal, knowledge of which informs biophysical modelling. Here, we study time‐dependence in the human spinal cord, as its axonal structure is specific and different from the brain. We run Monte Carlo simulations using a synthetic model of spinal cord white matter (WM) (large axons), and of brain WM (smaller axons). Furthermore, we study clinically feasible multi‐shell DW scans of the cervical spinal cord (b = 0; b = 711 s mm−2; b = 2855 s mm−2), obtained using three diffusion times (Δ of 29, 52 and 76 ms) from three volunteers. Both intra‐/extra‐axonal perpendicular diffusivities and kurtosis excess show time‐dependence in our synthetic spinal cord model. This time‐dependence is reflected mostly in the intra‐axonal perpendicular DW signal, which also exhibits strong decay, unlike our brain model. Time‐dependence of the total DW signal appears detectable in the presence of noise in our synthetic spinal cord model, but not in the brain. In WM in vivo, we observe time‐dependent macroscopic and microscopic diffusivities and diffusion kurtosis, NODDI and two‐compartment SMT metrics. Accounting for large axon calibers improves fitting of multi‐compartment models to a minor extent. Time‐dependence of clinically viable DW MRI metrics can be detected in vivo in spinal cord WM, thus providing new opportunities for the non‐invasive estimation of microstructural properties. The time‐dependence of the perpendicular DW signal may feature strong intra‐axonal contributions due to large spinal axon caliber. Hence, a popular model known as “stick” (zero‐radius cylinder) may be sub‐optimal to describe signals from the largest spinal axons.
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