Self-Employment Income Gap in Great Britain: How Much and Who?

Self-Employment Income Gap in Great Britain: How Much and Who?
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英国自营职业收入差距:多少以及谁?

DOI:
10.1093/cesifo/ify015
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
1.3
通讯作者:
Cabral A
Cabral A
中科院分区:
经济学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cabral A

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本文利用一个基于支出调查的数据集来估计英国个体户的收入差距(定义为一减去报告收入与真实收入的比例),该数据具有丰富的可观察特征。它还估计了个体户个体特征的规避反应。结果显示,个体户平均向税务机关报告的收入约为80.4%,这意味着19.6%的收入差距,这一差距因性别、年龄和地区而有很大差异。特别是,男性个体户纳税人比女性纳税人少报了更多的税款,而且总的来说,随着年龄的增长,他们变得更加顺从。特别强调核实所观察到的收入差距不能用报告不足以外的其他原因来解释。(果冻代码:H26、O17、D12、E26)
This article utilizes an expenditure survey-based data set that is rich in terms of observable characteristics to estimate the ‘income gap’ (defined to be one minus the proportion of reported to true income) of the self-employed in Great Britain. It also estimates the evasion response of the individual characteristics of the self-employed. It emerges that self-employed report, on average, around 80.4% of their income to the tax authority, which translates into an income-gap of 19.6% which varies significantly by sex, age, and region. In particular, male self-employed taxpayers under-report more than female ones, and they, in general, become more compliant as they age. Particular emphasis is paid to verifying that the income gap observed cannot be explained by other reasons than under-reporting. (JEL codes: H26, O17, D12, E26)
DOI: 10.1016/0304-4076(92)90080-b
发表时间: 1992
影响因子: 6.3
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