Individual Differences in Cortical Processing Speed Predict Cognitive Abilities: a Model-Based Cognitive Neuroscience Account
Individual Differences in Cortical Processing Speed Predict Cognitive Abilities: a Model-Based Cognitive Neuroscience Account
复制标题
皮层处理速度的个体差异预测认知能力：基于模型的认知神经科学解释
DOI：
10.1007/s42113-018-0021-5
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Vandekerckhove, Joachim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schubert, Anna-Lena;Nunez, Michael D.;Hagemann, Dirk;Vandekerckhove, Joachim
先前的研究表明，认知能力较强的个体表现出较高阶认知处理的速度。这些结果表明，加速的神经信息处理可能有助于决策和记忆更新过程中的证据积累，从而在一般认知能力方面产生优势。我们使用分层贝叶斯认知模型方法来检验证据积累速度的个体差异介导神经处理速度和认知能力之间关系的假设。我们发现，较高的神经速度可以预测行为任务中证据积累的速度和认知能力测试分数。然而，神经处理速度和认知能力之间的关联只有一小部分是由证据积累速度的个体差异所介导的。该模型仅根据电生理和行为数据就可以预测全新样本中 36% 的认知能力测试分数个体差异，从而展现出令人印象深刻的预测能力。我们的结果表明，神经处理速度的个体差异可能会影响大量的高阶认知过程，只有一致地解释神经处理速度和认知能力之间的巨大关联，而不是完全用证据积累速度的差异来解释这种影响。
Previous research has shown that individuals with greater cognitive abilities display a greater speed of higher-order cognitive processing. These results suggest that speeded neural information processing may facilitate evidence accumulation during decision making and memory updating and thus yield advantages in general cognitive abilities. We used a hierarchical Bayesian cognitive modeling approach to test the hypothesis that individual differences in the velocity of evidence accumulation mediate the relationship between neural processing speed and cognitive abilities. We found that a higher neural speed predicted both the velocity of evidence accumulation across behavioral tasks and cognitive ability test scores. However, only a negligible part of the association between neural processing speed and cognitive abilities was mediated by individual differences in the velocity of evidence accumulation. The model demonstrated impressive forecasting abilities by predicting 36%of individual variation in cognitive ability test scores in an entirely new sample solely based on their electrophysiological and behavioral data. Our results suggest that individual differences in neural processing speed might affect a plethora of higher-order cognitive processes, that only in concert explain the large association between neural processing speed and cognitive abilities, instead of the effect being entirely explained by differences in evidence accumulation speeds.
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影响因子：
7.6
作者：
BARON, RM;KENNY, DA
通讯作者：
KENNY, DA
相对言语智力和幸福感
影响因子：
3
作者：
Boris N. Nikolaev;Jennifer McGee
通讯作者：
Jennifer McGee
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Palmeri TJ;Love BC;Turner BM
通讯作者：
Turner BM
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Frischkorn, Gidon T;Schubert, Anna-Lena
通讯作者：
Schubert, Anna-Lena
DOI：
10.1615/critrevneurobiol.v14.i3-4.20
发表时间：
2000
期刊：
Critical reviews in neurobiology
影响因子：
--
作者：
M. Soltani;Robert T. Knight
通讯作者：
M. Soltani;Robert T. Knight