The long view on demographic effects on social networks: a response to comments on Shizuka and Johnson
The long view on demographic effects on social networks: a response to comments on Shizuka and Johnson
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人口对社交网络影响的长远观点：对静香和约翰逊评论的回应
DOI：
10.1093/beheco/arz184
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Simmons, Leigh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shizuka, Daizaburo;Johnson, Allison E;Simmons, Leigh
出生、死亡和分散是动物种群的普遍过程。在我们的评论中（Shizuka 和 Johnson 2019），我们说明了这些基本的人口统计过程如何在塑造动物社交网络中发挥作用。正如伊兰尼（Ilany，2019）优雅地指出的那样，这些简单的过程可以产生复杂的社会。 Spiegel 和 Pinter-Wollman（2019）将这种想法更进一步，提出了一个综合框架，将这些人口影响嵌入到塑造动物社会的其他生态因素中。 Vander Wal 和 Webber（2019）关于社交网络对密度依赖和生态进化动力学的作用的评论例证了我们希望本次审查将引发的扩展类型。在这里，我们希望强调各种评论中出现的两个关键主题：对人口影响的反应变化的原因，以及技术进步在解决人口学对社交网络影响的一些关键问题方面的前景。Maldonado-Chaparro 和 Farine (2019) 指出，人口统计过程并不总是会导致社会结构和动态发生可察觉的变化。例如，与年龄相关的个体死亡可能与因捕食而导致个体死亡的效果不同。在前一种情况下，其他人可能能够预测其中一名成员的最终死亡，由此产生的社会动态可能会减少这些人的损失所造成的影响（Shizuka and Johnson 2019）。但一个更值得问的问题是，人口统计过程是否只有在其导致社会结构动态发生明显变化的情况下才重要。由于个人流动是社会的普遍特征，我们面临的挑战是找出社会对人口变化的反应为何不同（Rubenstein 2019）。从这个角度来看，面对人口变化，了解什么促进了社会结构的稳定性和活力，与在变化发生时发现变化的能力同样重要。以一个人的死亡为例，当可以预见该人的死亡时，减缓网络变化的社会动力可能是什么？这些社会行为是否是为了促进社会稳定而选择的？如果是，个体（以及哪些个体）如何从社会稳定中获得健身收益？或者，正如 Kulahci (2019) 和 Rubenstein (2019) 指出的那样，稳定性或弹性可能是某些社会的基本特征，例如那些具有裂变-聚变动力学的社会。
Births, deaths, and dispersal are universal processes in animal populations. In our review (Shizuka and Johnson 2019), we illustrate how these fundamental demographic processes must play a role in shaping animal social networks. As Ilany (2019) elegantly put it, these are simple processes that can generate complex societies. Spiegel and Pinter-Wollman (2019) take this thinking a step further and present an integrative framework embedding these demographic effects within other ecological factors that shape animal societies. Vander Wal and Webber’s (2019) comment on the role of social networks on density dependence and eco-evolutionary dynamics exemplify the type of extensions that we hope this review will instigate. Here, we wish to highlight two key themes that emerge from the various commentaries: causes of variation in responses to demographic effects, and the promise of technological advances in addressing some key questions about the effects of demography on social networks.Maldonado-Chaparro and Farine (2019) point out that demographic processes do not always lead to detectable changes in social structure and dynamics. For example, age-related death of individuals may not have the same effect as the loss of that individual due to predation. In the former case, other individuals may be able to anticipate the eventual demise of one of their members, and the resulting social dynamics may reduce the impact of the loss of those individuals (Shizuka and Johnson 2019). But a larger question worth asking is whether demographic processes are important only in cases where they result in detectable changes to social structure dynamics. Because the turnover of individuals is a universal feature of societies, our challenge is to find out why societies vary in their responses to demographic change (Rubenstein 2019). From this viewpoint, understanding what promotes stability and dynamism of social structure in the face of demographic change becomes just as important as the ability to detect change when it happens. Taking the hypothetical example of an individual’s death, what might be the social dynamics that mitigate network change when the death of that individual can be anticipated? Are such social behaviors under selection to promote social stability, and if so, how do individuals (and which individuals) gain fitness benefits from social stability? Alternatively, as both Kulahci (2019) and Rubenstein (2019) point out, stability or resilience may be an underlying feature of certain societies such as those with fission–fusion dynamics.
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个体差异会影响网络对人口统计的反应：对 Shizuka 和 Johnson 的评论
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
I. Kulahci
通讯作者：
I. Kulahci
动物社交网络的密度依赖性和生态进化动力学：对 Shizuka 和 Johnson 的评论
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
E. Wal;Quinn M. R. Webber
通讯作者：
Quinn M. R. Webber
复杂的社会，简单的过程：对静香和约翰逊的评论
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
A. Ilany
通讯作者：
A. Ilany
动物网络中的人口统计过程是一个时间问题：对 Shizuka 和 Johnson 的评论
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Maldonado-Chaparro;Farine
通讯作者：
Farine
将人口学对网络的影响置于生态背景下：对 Shizuka 和 Johnson 的评论
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
O. Spiegel;N. Pinter
通讯作者：
N. Pinter