Tools for degrowth? Ivan Illich's critique of technology revisited
Tools for degrowth? Ivan Illich's critique of technology revisited
复制标题
去生长工具？
DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.10.039
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Samerski
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Samerski
本文回顾了伊万·伊里奇关于限制工具使用的呼吁，并阐述了其对退化的影响。伊里奇分析增长不是作为一种经济意识形态，而是--更激进地--作为一种历史上独特的心态的结果，这种心态将工具从手段转化为目的。与许多反增长的倡导者不同，他没有提出替代的资源消耗和分配模式，而是试图捍卫本土的生存和欢乐，反对工业化的需求满足。伊里奇坚持认为，任何对增长的有意义的限制都必须植根于对生产和消费之外的领域的保护。然而，正如他自己意识到的那样，在一个先进的技术社会中，自主行动和他律需求满足之间的区别是模糊的。现代工具-特别是计算机-不仅使人的先天能力瘫痪，而且塑造了自我认知和主观性，从而增加了对技术系统的依赖。伊里奇的作品的基础上，本文将认为，第一，退化需要限制物质和非物质技术，包括政治管理和专业服务;第二，这些限制必须基于本地生存和工程工具之间的适当平衡;第三，政治决策要求培养现代技术的象征力量的批判意识。
This article revisits Ivan Illich's call for limiting the use of tools and elaborates its implications for degrowth. Illich analyzed growth not as an economic ideology, but - more radically - as the result of a historically unique mindset that turns tools from means into ends. Unlike many advocates of degrowth, he did not propose alternative modes of resource consumption and distribution, but instead tried to defend vernacular subsistence and conviviality against the industrialized satisfaction of needs. Any meaningful limit to growth, Illich insisted, has to be rooted in the defense of a sphere beyond production and consumption. Yet, as he himself realized, in an advanced technological society this distinction between autonomous action and heteronomous need satisfaction is blurred. Modern tools – and especially the computer - not only paralyze innate capabilities, but shape self-perception and subjectivities so as to increase dependencies on technological systems. On the basis of Illich's works, this article will argue first that degrowth requires limits to material as well as immaterial technologies, including political management and professional services; second that these limits have to be based on the appropriate balance between vernacular subsistence and engineered instrumentalities: and, third, that political decisions demand the cultivation of a critical awareness of the symbolic power of modern technologies.
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