Excess Savings and Twin Deficits: The Transmission of Fiscal Stimulus in Open Economies
Excess Savings and Twin Deficits: The Transmission of Fiscal Stimulus in Open Economies
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超额储蓄和双赤字:开放经济中财政刺激的传导
DOI:
10.1086/723586
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Straub, Ludwig
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Aggarwal, Rishabh;Auclert, Adrien;Rognlie, Matthew;Straub, Ludwig
Governments around the world responded to the economic fallout from the COVID pandemic with unprecedented transfers to households and firms, financing these transfers with large fiscal deficits that will have a long-lasting effect on public debt levels. 1 During this period, private saving rates rose everywhere, and there were important movements in current accounts, including a notable increase in the US current-account deficit (seefig. 1). In this paper, we ask: To what extent were these changes related? How do fiscal deficits affect the world's balance of payments in the short and the long run?The standard Ricardian paradigm asserts that deficit-financed transfers raise private savings, with no effect on the current account or any other macroeconomic outcome. According to this view, households should save all of their transfers. This, however, is inconsistent with the substantial marginal propensities to consume (MPCs) out of transfers documented during the pandemic. 2 Moreover, even among households that initially saved their transfers, there is increasing evidence of a" spending-down" phenomenon. For instance, figure 2 shows that, in the United States, middle-class households-as proxied by the bottom 80% of the distribution of checking-account balances-rapidly depleted the excess balances they built from each of the three rounds of stimulus payments. 3 To date, however, the analysis of fiscal policy in the open economy has been largely limited to models that either satisfy Ricardian equivalence or feature no spending down of past savings.
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期刊:
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