What can bouncing oil droplets tell us about quantum mechanics?

What can bouncing oil droplets tell us about quantum mechanics?
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关于量子力学,弹跳的油滴可以告诉我们什么?

DOI:
10.1007/s13194-020-00301-0
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
1.5
通讯作者:
Evans P
Evans P
中科院分区:
人文科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Evans P

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最近的一系列实验表明,一个经典的流体力学系统,由一个振动的流体表面上弹跳的油滴构成,可以诱导显示出许多以前被认为是明显的量子行为。为了解释这种对应关系,有人提出,流体力学系统提供了一个单粒子经典模型的德布罗意布罗意的特质“双解”量子力学的导频波理论。在本文中,我们评估了弹跳油滴实验与量子力学相关的认识功能。我们发现,弹跳的油滴最好被认为是量子现象的模拟解释,而不是模拟仿真,而且,它们的认识价值应该被理解为如何可能的解释,而不是确认。与模拟仿真不同的是,模拟仿真不是一种“物质替代”的形式,在这种形式中,一种系统中的源经验现象可以被理解为另一种系统中的目标现象。相反,模拟图示利用了源系统所显示的某些经验现象与目标系统的本体论方面之间的对应关系。一方面,这限制了类比插图的潜在推理能力,但另一方面,它扩大了它们的潜在推理范围。特别是,通过模拟说明,我们可以学习,在这个意义上获得如何可能的理解,通过实验的目标系统的假定本体。因此,这些非凡实验的潜在科学价值无疑是重大的。
A recent series of experiments have demonstrated that a classical fluid mechanical system, constituted by an oil droplet bouncing on a vibrating fluid surface, can be induced to display a number of behaviours previously considered to be distinctly quantum. To explain this correspondence it has been suggested that the fluid mechanical system provides a single-particle classical model of de Broglie’s idiosyncratic ‘double solution’ pilot wave theory of quantum mechanics. In this paper we assess the epistemic function of the bouncing oil droplet experiments in relation to quantum mechanics. We find that the bouncing oil droplets are best conceived as ananalogue illustrationof quantum phenomena, rather than ananalogue simulation, and, furthermore, that their epistemic value should be understood in terms of how-possibly explanation, rather than confirmation. Analogue illustration, unlike analogue simulation, is not a form of ‘material surrogacy’, in which source empirical phenomena in a system of one kind can be understood as ‘standing in for’ target phenomena in a system of another kind. Rather, analogue illustration leverages a correspondence between certain empirical phenomena displayed by a source system and aspects of the ontology of a target system. On the one hand, this limits the potential inferential power of analogue illustrations, but, on the other, it widens their potential inferential scope. In particular, through analogue illustration we can learn, in the sense of gaining how-possibly understanding, about the putative ontology of a target system via an experiment. As such, the potential scientific value of these extraordinary experiments is undoubtedly a significant one.
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