Uncertainty of laboratory and portable solid particle number systems for regulatory measurements of vehicle emissions.
Uncertainty of laboratory and portable solid particle number systems for regulatory measurements of vehicle emissions.
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机动车排放法规测量用实验室和便携式固体颗粒计数系统的不确定度。
DOI：
10.1016/j.envres.2021.111068
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发表时间：
2021-06
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Clairotte M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Giechaskiel B;Lähde T;Melas AD;Valverde V;Clairotte M
在欧盟的排放法规中，固体颗粒的限制适用于车辆的型式批准和使用合规性。因此，粒子数(PN)系统经常用于发动机和车辆的研究和开发，无论是在实验室还是在道路上。实验室和便携式车载系统的技术规格不同，导致测量不确定度不同。此外，与气体相比，颗粒可能会在传送线中丢失，使得在不同采样位置进行比较变得困难。此外，当测量的颗粒尺寸接近曲线的递减陡峭部分时，系统的尺寸依赖计数效率会导致很大的误差。不同的采样位置(尾气管道或稀释通道)和气溶胶的热预处理进一步加强了这种差异。关于测量不确定度的研究很少，特别是对于未来法规中将引入的从10 nm开始测量的PN系统。这项研究量化了净化器系统的不确定度来源：(I)由于技术要求和校准，(Ii)由于测量过程中未知的颗粒尺寸，(Iii)由于车辆在尾管或稀释隧道处向净化器系统的颗粒损失，(Iv)与净化器系统无关的计算排放量所需的其他参数，例如流量和距离。23纳米实验室系统从稀释隧道采样的扩展不确定度估计为32%，其中18%来自校准程序，而从尾管采样的扩展不确定度为34%。对于在路上测量的23纳米便携式系统，不确定度为39%。对于10纳米的系统，这些值要高出2-8%。实验室和便携式颗粒计数系统的测量不确定度。不同系统之间的差异是由于技术规格、未知的颗粒大小和颗粒损失。根据应用的不同，扩展不确定度在32%-42%之间。
In the European Union’s emissions regulations, limits for solid particles >23 nm are applicable for the type-approval and in use compliance of vehicles. Consequently, particle number (PN) systems are used very often for both research and development of engines and vehicles, both in the laboratory and on the road. The technical specifications of the laboratory and portable on-board systems are not the same resulting in different measurement uncertainties. Furthermore, particles, in contrast to gases, can be lost in the transfer lines making comparisons at different sampling locations difficult. Moreover, the size dependent counting efficiency of the systems can result in high discrepancies when the measured particle sizes are close to the decreasing steep part of the curves. The different sampling locations (tailpipe or dilution tunnel) and thermal pretreatments of the aerosol further enhance the differences. The studies on the measurement uncertainty are scarce, especially for the PN systems measuring from 10 nm that will be introduced in the future regulations. This study quantified the uncertainty sources of the PN systems: (i) due to the technical requirements and the calibrations, (ii) due to the unknown particle sizes during measurement, (iii) due to particle losses from the vehicle to the PN systems at the tailpipe or the dilution tunnel, (iv) other parameters needed for the calculation of the emissions, non-related to the PN systems, e.g. flow and distance. The expanded uncertainty of the 23 nm laboratory systems sampling from the dilution tunnel was estimated to be 32%, with 18% originating from the calibration procedures, while of those sampling from the tailpipe 34%. For the 23 nm portable systems measuring on-road the uncertainty was 39%. The values were 2–8% higher for the 10 nm systems. Measurement uncertainty of laboratory and portable particle number systems. The differences between systems are due to the technical specifications, the unknown particle size and the particle losses. The expanded uncertainty, depending on the application, was 32%–42%.
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影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Giechaskiel, Barouch;Dilara, Panagiota;Andersson, Jon
通讯作者：
Andersson, Jon
DOI：
10.3390/ijerph17113878
发表时间：
2020-06-01
影响因子：
--
作者：
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通讯作者：
Mamakos, Athanasios
影响因子：
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作者：
Ajtay, D;Weilenmann, M
通讯作者：
Weilenmann, M
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Amirante, Riccardo;Distaso, Elia;Reitz, Rolf D.
通讯作者：
Reitz, Rolf D.
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Fletcher, R. A.;Mulholland, G. W.;Klinedinst, D. B.
通讯作者：
Klinedinst, D. B.