Advances in bladder cancer biology and therapy.
Advances in bladder cancer biology and therapy.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41568-020-00313-1
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发表时间：
2021-02
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--
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近年来，膀胱癌的研究领域取得了重大进展。下一代测序已经确定了膀胱癌中突变最多的基因。这些丰富的信息可以定义驱动突变，识别可操作的治疗靶点，以及更清晰地了解患者预后和治疗方向。同样，我们对膀胱癌细胞方面的了解也有所增加。细胞地理学和不同细胞类型的群体的鉴定以及肿瘤中正常和异常细胞类型的定量提供了对治疗反应的更好预测。包括液体活检在内的非侵入性诊断方法也取得了重大进展。这些方法可能会发现相当大的效用，在评估治疗后的微小残留病变和早期诊断。在使用免疫检查点抑制剂治疗中发现了对膀胱癌患者的显著治疗影响。这些疗法已被证明可以治愈一些膀胱癌患者，并显着减少不良事件。这些发展为患者提供了更好的监测机会，独特的治疗选择和延长生存期的更大希望。
The field of research in bladder cancer has seen significant advances in recent years. Next-generation sequencing has identified the genes most mutated in bladder cancer. This wealth of information allowed the definition of driver mutations, and identification of actionable therapeutic targets, as well as a clearer picture of patient prognosis and therapeutic direction. In a similar vein, our understanding of the cellular aspects of bladder cancer has grown. The identification of the cellular geography and the populations of different cell types and quantifications of normal and abnormal cell types in tumours provide a better prediction of therapeutic response. Non-invasive methods of diagnosis, including liquid biopsies, have seen major advances as well. These methods will likely find considerable utility in assessing minimal residual disease following treatment and for early-stage diagnosis. A significant therapeutic impact on patients with bladder cancer is found in the use of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapeutics. These therapeutics have been shown to cure some patients with bladder cancer and significantly decrease adverse events. These developments provide patients with better monitoring opportunities, unique therapeutic options and greater hope for prolonged survival.
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