Complex evolution of novel red floral color in Petunia.

Complex evolution of novel red floral color in Petunia.
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DOI:
10.1093/plcell/koab114
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发表时间:
2021-08-13
期刊:
The Plant cell
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Kuhlemeier C
Kuhlemeier C
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Berardi AE;Esfeld K;Jäggi L;Mandel T;Cannarozzi GM;Kuhlemeier C

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红色的花的颜色已经出现了多次,通常与蜂鸟授粉有关。大多数向红色的进化转变是从紫色谱系开始的,并且往往是遗传简单的,几乎总是涉及一些主要表型效应的功能丧失突变。在这里,我们报告了一个新的红色花的颜色在蜂鸟授粉的矮牵牛(茄科)从一个无色的祖先复杂的演变。红色的存在是显着的,因为该属不能合成红色花色苷,并且P. exserta保留了关键MYB转录因子AN 2的非功能性拷贝。我们表明,适度上调和AN2蛋白的组织特异性的转变,深紫色,恢复花色素苷的生物合成在P. exserta。花青苷羟基化的一个重要转变是通过重新平衡三个羟基化基因的表达而发生的。此外,酰基转移酶的下调通过阻止花青素苷的酰基修饰而促进典型紫色色素中的红色色调。这项研究提出了一个罕见的情况下,基因复杂的进化过渡到一个新的红色的增益。蜂鸟授粉的矮牵牛通过多个调控和生物合成基因的变化获得其独特的红色花朵。
Red flower color has arisen multiple times and is generally associated with hummingbird pollination. The majority of evolutionary transitions to red color proceeded from purple lineages and tend to be genetically simple, almost always involving a few loss-of-function mutations of major phenotypic effect. Here we report on the complex evolution of a novel red floral color in the hummingbird-pollinated Petunia exserta (Solanaceae) from a colorless ancestor. The presence of a red color is remarkable because the genus cannot synthesize red anthocyanins and P. exserta retains a nonfunctional copy of the key MYB transcription factor AN2. We show that moderate upregulation and a shift in tissue specificity of an AN2 paralog, DEEP PURPLE, restores anthocyanin biosynthesis in P. exserta. An essential shift in anthocyanin hydroxylation occurred through rebalancing the expression of three hydroxylating genes. Furthermore, the downregulation of an acyltransferase promotes reddish hues in typically purple pigments by preventing acyl group decoration of anthocyanins. This study presents a rare case of a genetically complex evolutionary transition toward the gain of a novel red color. Hummingbird-pollinated Petunia exserta acquires its unique red flower color by changes in multiple regulatory and biosynthetic genes.
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