Distinct mechanisms for the impact of distraction and interruption on working memory in aging.
Distinct mechanisms for the impact of distraction and interruption on working memory in aging.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.01.012
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发表时间：
2012-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Gazzaley, Adam
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clapp, Wesley C.;Gazzaley, Adam
众所周知，干扰会对工作记忆 (WM) 中信息的保存能力产生负面影响，这种影响会随着年龄的增长而加剧。在这里，我们探讨了不同的干扰源，即分心（要忽略的刺激）和干扰（需要注意的刺激）如何对年轻人和老年人的思维管理产生不同的影响。当参与者参与三种版本的延迟识别任务时，记录了脑电图：无干扰、分散注意力的刺激和 WM 维护期间出现的干扰刺激。在行为上，这两种类型的干扰对老年人的 WM 准确性的负面影响显着大于年轻人（干扰的缺陷更大）。 N170 延迟测量显示，处理干扰因素和干扰因素的程度可以预测两个人群的 WM 准确性。然而，虽然WM损伤可以用老年人对干扰物的过度关注（抑制缺陷）来解释，但干扰引起的损伤并不能明显地由与年龄相关的对干扰物的注意力增加介导。这些结果表明，不同类型的外部干扰对正常衰老过程中 WM 的影响有不同的潜在机制。
Interference is known to negatively impact the ability to maintain information in working memory (WM), an effect that is exacerbated with aging. Here, we explore how distinct sources of interference, i.e., distraction (stimuli to-be-ignored) and interruption (stimuli requiring attention), differentially influence WM in younger and older adults. EEG was recorded while participants engaged in three versions of a delayed-recognition task: no interference, a distracting stimulus, and an interrupting stimulus presented during WM maintenance. Behaviorally, both types of interference negatively impacted WM accuracy in older adults significantly more than younger adults (with a larger deficit for interruptions). N170 latency measures revealed that the degree of processing both distractors and interruptors predicted WM accuracy in both populations. However, while WM impairments could be explained by excessive attention to distractors by older adults (a suppression deficit), impairment induced by interruption were not clearly mediated by age-related increases in attention to interruptors. These results suggest that distinct underlying mechanisms mediate the impact of different types of external interference on WM in normal aging.
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