Microglial activation and chronic neurodegeneration.

Microglial activation and chronic neurodegeneration.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.nurt.2010.05.014
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发表时间:
2010-10
期刊:
Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Block ML
Block ML
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lull ME;Block ML

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小胶质细胞是大脑中固有的免疫细胞,长期以来一直与神经退行性疾病的病理学有关。越来越多的证据表明,活化的小胶质细胞是多种神经毒性因子(包括TNFα、NO、IL 1-β和活性氧(ROS))的慢性来源,可驱动进行性神经元损伤。小胶质细胞可以通过单一刺激(例如,LPS或神经元损伤)或多次刺激暴露,导致随时间累积的神经元损失。虽然驱动这些现象的机制刚刚开始被理解,但反应性小胶质细胞增生(小胶质细胞对神经元损伤的反应)和ROS已被认为是慢性和神经毒性小胶质细胞活化的关键机制,特别是在帕金森病的情况下。在这里,我们回顾了与慢性小胶质细胞活化相关的神经毒性机制,并讨论了神经元死亡和小胶质细胞ROS驱动慢性和毒性小胶质细胞表型的作用。
Microglia, the resident innate immune cells in the brain, have long been implicated in the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. Accumulating evidence points to activated microglia as a chronic source of multiple neurotoxic factors, including TNFα, NO, IL1-β, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), driving progressive neuron damage. Microglia can become chronically activated by either a single stimulus (ex. LPS or neuron damage) or multiple stimuli exposures to result in cumulative neuronal loss over time. While the mechanisms driving these phenomena are just beginning to be understood, reactive microgliosis (the microglial response to neuron damage) and ROS have been implicated as key mechanisms of chronic and neurotoxic microglial activation, particularly in the case of Parkinson’s Disease. Here, we review the mechanisms of neurotoxicity associated with chronic microglial activation and discuss the role of neuronal death and microglial ROS driving the chronic and toxic microglial phenotype.
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