The pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT): effects of the small subunits and insights from bacterial mimics of human hLCB2a HSAN1 mutations.

The pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT): effects of the small subunits and insights from bacterial mimics of human hLCB2a HSAN1 mutations.
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DOI:
10.1155/2013/194371
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发表时间:
2013
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Campopiano DJ
Campopiano DJ
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Beattie AE;Gupta SD;Frankova L;Kazlauskaite A;Harmon JM;Dunn TM;Campopiano DJ

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吡哆醛5 ' -磷酸(PLP)依赖的丝氨酸棕榈酰基转移酶(SPT)催化了鞘脂生物合成的第一步。核心人类酶是一种由两个亚基(hLCB1和hLCB2a/b)组成的膜结合异二聚体,在遗传性感觉和自主神经病变I型(HSAN1)患者中发现了hLCB1(例如,C133W和C133Y)和hLCB2a(例如,V359M, G382V和I504F)的突变,HSAN1是一种影响感觉和自主神经的遗传性疾病。这些突变导致底物混杂,导致在受影响个体中发现的神经毒性脱氧鞘脂的形成。在这里,我们测量了在ssSPTa和ssSPTb存在下的hLCB2a突变体的活性,发现它们都降低了酶的活性。少动鞘氨单胞菌(SPT)同源二聚体SPT酶的高分辨率结构数据为了解hLCB2a突变对SPT机制的影响提供了一个模型。人类hLCB2a HSAN1的三个突变位点映射到Sp SPT上(V246M、G268V和G385F),这些突变模拟表明氨基酸的变化对Sp SPT有不同的影响;它们扰乱了PLP辅因子的结合,降低了对两种底物的亲和力,降低了酶的活性,并且在最严重的情况下,导致蛋白质以不溶性形式表达。
The pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) catalyses the first step of de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis. The core human enzyme is a membrane-bound heterodimer composed of two subunits (hLCB1 and hLCB2a/b), and mutations in both hLCB1 (e.g., C133W and C133Y) and hLCB2a (e.g., V359M, G382V, and I504F) have been identified in patients with hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type I (HSAN1), an inherited disorder that affects sensory and autonomic neurons. These mutations result in substrate promiscuity, leading to formation of neurotoxic deoxysphingolipids found in affected individuals. Here we measure the activities of the hLCB2a mutants in the presence of ssSPTa and ssSPTb and find that all decrease enzyme activity. High resolution structural data of the homodimeric SPT enzyme from the bacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis (Sp SPT) provides a model to understand the impact of the hLCB2a mutations on the mechanism of SPT. The three human hLCB2a HSAN1 mutations map onto Sp SPT (V246M, G268V, and G385F), and these mutant mimics reveal that the amino acid changes have varying impacts; they perturb the PLP cofactor binding, reduce the affinity for both substrates, decrease the enzyme activity, and, in the most severe case, cause the protein to be expressed in an insoluble form.
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