From nuclear imperialism to petro-democracy? Resource assemblages and the emergence of a new political configuration in Niger

From nuclear imperialism to petro-democracy? Resource assemblages and the emergence of a new political configuration in Niger
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从核帝国主义到石油民主?

DOI:
10.1080/00083968.2016.1202850
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发表时间:
2016
期刊:
Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des études africaines
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Jannik
Jannik
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Schritt;Jannik

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食利者国家和资源诅咒概念将石油和铀理解为产生经济租金的固定资源。在这样做的时候,这些理论在很大程度上忽视了社会、经济、政治和技术安排,这些安排对于石油或铀等物质成为资源至关重要。通过比较尼日尔石油和铀的不同社会技术安排的历时性和共时性纠缠,重新审视了资源诅咒和食利者国家理论的假设,即资源收入助长专制倾向。本文从资源集合的概念出发,分析了政治格局与资源开发过程的关系。这一观点表明,自石油生产开始以来,尼日尔出现了一种新的资源政治格局。尽管尼日尔的铀-政治格局长期以来一直以新殖民主义话语形式为特征,但新兴的石油-政治格局在公众舆论和治理中产生了一种新的资源民族主义,这种民族主义正在改变尼日尔的政治。
The rentier state and resource curse concepts understand oil and uranium as fixed resources generating economic rents. In doing so, these theories largely ignore the social, economic, political and technological arrangements essential for a material substance like oil or uranium to become a resource. By comparing the diachronic and synchronic entanglements of the different socio-technical arrangements of oil and uranium in Niger, the assumption of the resource curse and rentier state theories, that resource revenues foster authoritarian tendencies, is revisited. Exploring the concept of resource assemblages, this article analyzes how political configurations are related to the process of resource exploitation. This perspective reveals that a new resource-political configuration in Niger has emerged since the beginning of oil production. Whereas Niger’s uranium-political configuration has long been characterized by a neocolonial discursive formation, the emerging petro-political configuration has produced a new resource nationalism in public opinion and governance which is transforming politics in Niger.
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