Interactivity fosters Bayesian reasoning without instruction.
Interactivity fosters Bayesian reasoning without instruction.
复制标题
交互性无需指导即可促进贝叶斯推理。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
F. Vallée‐Tourangeau
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Vallée;Marlène Abadie;F. Vallée‐Tourangeau
成功的统计推理产生于动态系统，包括：认知主体、具有行动可能性的物质制品，以及推理发生时实现的思想和行动。五个实验提供的证据表明，在没有训练或指导的情况下，能够对问题信息进行物理操作（通过使用扑克牌）可以显着改善统计推理，不仅可以使用自然频率陈述（实验 1），还可以使用单事件概率陈述（实验 2）。改进的统计推理不仅仅是使卡片包中的所有集合和子集变得明确（实验 3），这不仅仅是由于卡片操作产生的离散和可数布局，而且它也不受参与者对任务的参与程度的调节（实验 5）。问题信息可操作性的提高对参与者推理表现的积极影响可以推广到数字属性未完美映射到卡片上的问题以及不同类型的卡片上（实验 4）。对参与者行为的系统分析表明，当推理者花更多时间主动改变“现实世界”的演示布局时，操纵卡片会提高表现，而不是当他们花更多时间被动地指向卡片，似乎试图解决“他们头脑中”的问题时。尽管它们经常被忽视，但可用的物质人工制品的行动可能性以及在这些人工制品上实现的行动是成功统计推理的组成部分，即使对于表面上已经达到认知成熟的成年人也是如此。
Successful statistical reasoning emerges from a dynamic system including: a cognitive agent, material artifacts with their actions possibilities, and the thoughts and actions that are realized while reasoning takes place. Five experiments provide evidence that enabling the physical manipulation of the problem information (through the use of playing cards) substantially improves statistical reasoning, without training or instruction, not only with natural frequency statements (Experiment 1) but also with single-event probability statements (Experiment 2). Improved statistical reasoning was not simply a matter of making all sets and subsets explicit in the pack of cards (Experiment 3), it was not merely due to the discrete and countable layout resulting from the cards manipulation, and it was not mediated by participants' level of engagement with the task (Experiment 5). The positive effect of an increased manipulability of the problem information on participants' reasoning performance was generalizable both over problems whose numeric properties did not map perfectly onto the cards and over different types of cards (Experiment 4). A systematic analysis of participants' behaviors revealed that manipulating cards improved performance when reasoners spent more time actively changing the presentation layout "in the world" as opposed to when they spent more time passively pointing at cards, seemingly attempting to solve the problem "in their head." Although they often go unnoticed, the action possibilities of the material artifacts available and the actions that are realized on those artifacts are constitutive of successful statistical reasoning, even in adults who have ostensibly reached cognitive maturity.
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Cook, Susan Wagner;Yip, Terina KuangYi;Goldin-Meadow, Susan
通讯作者：
Goldin-Meadow, Susan