Scaling climate change to human behavior predicting good and bad years for Maya farmers

Scaling climate change to human behavior predicting good and bad years for Maya farmers
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将气候变化与人类行为联系起来,预测玛雅农民的好年景和坏年景

DOI:
10.1002/ajhb.23524
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Hackman, Joseph
Hackman, Joseph
中科院分区:
医学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kramer, Karen L.;Hackman, Joseph

文献摘要

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目标人类对气候变化的反应有着丰富的人类学历史。然而,对于生活在小规模社会中的人们如何看待气候变化,以及哪些气候数据可用于预测影响日常生活的粮食生产,我们知之甚少。方法我们使用纵向民族志访谈和经济数据,首先询问气候变化的哪些方面影响尤卡坦玛雅农民的农业周期和粮食生产。然后使用六十年的高分辨率气象数据和收成评估来检测气候数据预测农作物产量好坏的规模,并分析对粮食生产至关重要的气候变量的长期变化。结果我们发现(a)只有当地的每日降水量与农民描述的气候模式非常吻合。其他时间(年度和月度)尺度错过了农民认为对成功收成重要的关键信息; (b) 在社区和市一级,与热带风暴相关的晚季大雨对作物产量的负面影响最大; (c) 与区域和州数据的长期模式相反,地方测量显示生长季节后期降雨量增加,这表明需要细粒度数据来准确推断气候趋势。结论我们的研究结果强调了在适合人类行为的尺度上定义气候变量的重要性。年度、月度、国家和州级的粗粒度数据几乎无法告诉我们与农民和粮食生产相关的气候属性。然而,高分辨率的每日当地降水数据确实反映了气候变化如何影响粮食生产。
ObjectivesHuman responses to climate variation have a rich anthropological history. However, much less is known about how people living in small‐scale societies perceive climate change, and what climate data are useful in predicting food production at a scale that affects daily lives.MethodsWe use longitudinal ethnographic interviews and economic data to first ask what aspects of climate variation affect the agricultural cycle and food production for Yucatec Maya farmers. Sixty years of high‐resolution meteorological data and harvest assessments are then used to detect the scale at which climate data predict good and bad crop yields, and to analyze long‐term changes in climate variables critical to food production.ResultsWe find that (a) only local, daily precipitation closely fits the climate pattern described by farmers. Other temporal (annual and monthly) scales miss key information about what farmers find important to successful harvests; (b) at both community‐ and municipal‐levels, heavy late‐season rains associated with tropical storms have the greatest negative impact on crop yields; and (c) in contrast to long‐term patterns from regional and state data, local measures show an increase in rainfall during the late growing season, indicating that fine‐grained data are needed to make accurate inferences about climate trends.ConclusionOur findings highlight the importance to define climate variables at scales appropriate to human behavior. Course‐grained annual, monthly, national, and state‐level data tell us little about climate attributes pertinent to farmers and food production. However, high‐resolution daily, local precipitation data do capture how climate variation shapes food production.
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DOI: --
发表时间: 2006
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