Epidemiology of Suicide and the Psychiatric Perspective.
Epidemiology of Suicide and the Psychiatric Perspective.
复制标题
自杀的流行病学和精神科观点。
DOI：
10.3390/ijerph15071425
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发表时间：
2018-07-06
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bachmann S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bachmann S
自杀是一个世界性的现象。这篇综述是基于对世界卫生组织(WHO)数据库和PubMed的文献搜索。根据世界卫生组织的数据，2015年，全球记录的自杀人数约为80万人，全球78%的自杀事件发生在低收入和中等收入国家。总体而言，自杀占全球过早死亡的1.4%。在个人的年龄、性别和社会经济地位、自杀方式和获得卫生保健的机会方面，区域和国家之间存在差异。在人生的第二和第三个十年里，自杀是第二大死因。男性完全自杀的比例是女性的三倍；自杀未遂的比例则相反。与自杀相比，自杀企图的发生率高达30倍；然而，自杀企图是重复企图和既遂自杀的重要预测指标。总体而言，自杀率在不同的性别和一生中有所不同，而自杀率的方法也因国家而异。最常用的方法是上吊、用杀虫剂自毒和使用枪支。全世界大多数自杀事件都与精神疾病有关。其中，抑郁、药物使用和精神病是最相关的风险因素，但与普通人群相比，焦虑、个性、饮食和创伤相关障碍以及器质性精神障碍显著增加了非自然死亡原因。总体而言，手头的问题相对复杂，很可能存在大量报告不足的情况。然而，至少部分地可以通过限制自杀手段、培训初级保健医生和卫生工作者以识别有风险的人以及评估和管理各自的危机、提供适当的后续护理并按照媒体报道的方式解决这一问题来防止自杀。自杀是一个重大的社会和卫生保健问题；因此，在许多领域应高度重视自杀问题。
Suicide is a worldwide phenomenon. This review is based on a literature search of the World Health Organization (WHO) databases and PubMed. According to the WHO, in 2015, about 800,000 suicides were documented worldwide, and globally 78% of all completed suicides occur in low- and middle-income countries. Overall, suicides account for 1.4% of premature deaths worldwide. Differences arise between regions and countries with respect to the age, gender, and socioeconomic status of the individual and the respective country, method of suicide, and access to health care. During the second and third decades of life, suicide is the second leading cause of death. Completed suicides are three times more common in males than females; for suicide attempts, an inverse ratio can be found. Suicide attempts are up to 30 times more common compared to suicides; they are however important predictors of repeated attempts as well as completed suicides. Overall, suicide rates vary among the sexes and across lifetimes, whereas methods differ according to countries. The most commonly used methods are hanging, self-poisoning with pesticides, and use of firearms. The majority of suicides worldwide are related to psychiatric diseases. Among those, depression, substance use, and psychosis constitute the most relevant risk factors, but also anxiety, personality-, eating- and trauma-related disorders as well as organic mental disorders significantly add to unnatural causes of death compared to the general population. Overall, the matter at hand is relatively complex and a significant amount of underreporting is likely to be present. Nevertheless, suicides can, at least partially, be prevented by restricting access to means of suicide, by training primary care physicians and health workers to identify people at risk as well as to assess and manage respective crises, provide adequate follow-up care and address the way this is reported by the media. Suicidality represents a major societal and health care problem; it thus should be given a high priority in many realms.
DOI：
10.2471/blt.07.043489
发表时间：
2008-09-01
期刊：
Bulletin of the World Health Organization: International Journal of Public Health
影响因子：
--
作者：
Ajdacic-Gross, Vladeta;Weiss, Mitchell G;Rössler, Wulf
通讯作者：
Rössler, Wulf
影响因子：
7.2
作者：
ALLEBECK, P;BOLUND, C;RINGBACK, G
通讯作者：
RINGBACK, G