Contrail ice particles in aircraft wakes and their climatic importance
Contrail ice particles in aircraft wakes and their climatic importance
复制标题
飞机尾流中的轨迹冰粒及其对气候的重要性
DOI:
10.1002/grl.50539
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发表时间:
2013
影响因子:
5.2
通讯作者:
C. Voigt
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Schumann;P. Jeßberger;C. Voigt
Measurements of gaseous (NO, NOy, SO2, HONO) and ice particle concentrations in young contrails in primary and secondary wakes of aircraft of different sizes (B737, A319, A340, A380) are used to investigate ice particle formation behind aircraft. The gas concentrations are largest in the primary wake and decrease with increasing altitude in the secondary wake, as expected for passive trace gases and aircraft‐dependent dilution. In contrast, the measured ice particle concentrations were found larger in the secondary wake than in the primary wake. The contrails contain more ice particles than expected for previous black carbon (soot) estimates. The ice concentrations may result from soot‐induced ice nucleation for a soot number emission index of 1015kg−1. For a doubled ice particle concentration in young contrails, a contrail cirrus model computes about 60% increases of global radiative forcing by contrail cirrus because of simultaneous increases in optical depth, age, and cover.
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DOI:
--
发表时间:
2008
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
H. Wong;Paul E. Yelvington;M. Timko;T. Onasch;R. Miake;Jianye Zhang;I. Waitz
通讯作者:
I. Waitz
影响因子:
6.3
作者:
U. Schumann;T. Jurkat;D. Schäuble;H. Schlager;A. Petzold;J.- F. Gayet;M. Krämer;J. Schneider;S. Borrmann;J. Schmale;P. Jessberger;T. Hamburger;M. Lichtenstern;M. Scheibe;C. Gourbeyre;J. Meyer;M. Kübbeler;W. Frey;H. Kalesse
通讯作者:
H. Kalesse
影响因子:
5.2
作者:
U. Schumann;P. Jessberger;T. Jurkat;A. Petzold;J.-F- Gayet;M. Krämer;T. Thornberry;D. Fahey
通讯作者:
D. Fahey
影响因子:
5.2
作者:
B. Kärcher;Fangqun Yu
通讯作者:
Fangqun Yu
影响因子:
6.3
作者:
J. Gayet;V. Shcherbakov;C. Voigt;U. Schumann;D. Schäuble;P. Jeßberger;A. Petzold;A. Minikin;H. Schlager;O. Dubovik;T. Lapyonok
通讯作者:
J. Gayet;V. Shcherbakov;C. Voigt;U. Schumann;D. Schäuble;P. Jeßberger;A. Petzold;A. Minikin;H. Schlager;O. Dubovik;T. Lapyonok