Contrail ice particles in aircraft wakes and their climatic importance

Contrail ice particles in aircraft wakes and their climatic importance
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飞机尾流中的轨迹冰粒及其对气候的重要性

DOI:
10.1002/grl.50539
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发表时间:
2013
影响因子:
5.2
通讯作者:
C. Voigt
C. Voigt
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Schumann;P. Jeßberger;C. Voigt

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利用不同尺寸飞机(B737、A319、A340、A380)的主尾流和次尾流中的气体(NO、NOy、SO2、HONO)和冰粒浓度的测量结果,研究了飞机后部冰粒的形成。气体浓度在主尾流中最大,在次尾流中随着高度的增加而降低,正如被动痕量气体和飞机相关稀释所预期的那样。相比之下,测得的冰粒浓度被发现在二次唤醒比在主唤醒。尾迹中含有的冰粒比之前对黑碳(煤烟)的估计要多。冰的浓度可能是由碳烟引起的冰成核造成的,碳烟数排放指数为1015 kg −1。对于年轻的凝结尾迹中的冰颗粒浓度加倍,凝结尾迹卷云模型计算出由于光学厚度、年龄和覆盖的同时增加,凝结尾迹卷云的全球辐射强迫增加约60%。
Measurements of gaseous (NO, NOy, SO2, HONO) and ice particle concentrations in young contrails in primary and secondary wakes of aircraft of different sizes (B737, A319, A340, A380) are used to investigate ice particle formation behind aircraft. The gas concentrations are largest in the primary wake and decrease with increasing altitude in the secondary wake, as expected for passive trace gases and aircraft‐dependent dilution. In contrast, the measured ice particle concentrations were found larger in the secondary wake than in the primary wake. The contrails contain more ice particles than expected for previous black carbon (soot) estimates. The ice concentrations may result from soot‐induced ice nucleation for a soot number emission index of 1015kg−1. For a doubled ice particle concentration in young contrails, a contrail cirrus model computes about 60% increases of global radiative forcing by contrail cirrus because of simultaneous increases in optical depth, age, and cover.
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