Local and global pyrogeographic evidence that indigenous fire management creates pyrodiversity.
Local and global pyrogeographic evidence that indigenous fire management creates pyrodiversity.
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DOI：
10.1002/ece3.1494
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发表时间：
2015-05
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Bowman, David M. J. S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Trauernicht, Clay;Brook, Barry W.;Murphy, Brett P.;Williamson, Grant J.;Bowman, David M. J. S.
关键词：
尽管野火给当代资源管理带来了挑战，但许多容易起火的生态系统在数百年至数千年的时间里已经适应了人们为维护资源而刻意焚烧景观。我们结合实地调查、模型和文献调查来研究人为燃烧改变易着火生态系统中生境马赛克的空间颗粒的程度和机制。我们调查了马尾松的分布，这是一种需要长时间无火建立的针叶树，作为在阿纳姆地热带草原土著燃烧下长期未燃烧的栖息地可用性的指标。然后，我们使用元胞自动机来模拟在不同火灾大小下焚烧相同比例的景观对栖息地异质性出现的格局的影响。最后，我们使用科学文献研究了故意焚烧的全球范围和目标的多样性。Callitris目前在多个野外站点的分布表明，长期未烧焦的斑块很常见，并且出现在精细尺度(<；0.5公顷)，而建模显示，较小的斑块干扰使斑块年龄多样性最大化，为Callitris创造了一个有利的栖息地矩阵。文献搜索提供了在六大洲的多个生态系统中故意焚烧景观的证据，每项研究确定的目标数量从2到13个不等。野外工作和模拟结果表明，易火生态系统中长期未燃烧生境的出现可能是以小火为主的火区斑块伸缩的一种突现特征。这些发现为理解人为焚烧如何改变栖息地异质性的空间和时间方面提供了一个模型，正如文献调查强烈表明的那样，这值得考虑不同地理和文化的多样性。我们的结果阐明了传统的火灾管理如何塑造容易发生火灾的生态系统，尽管目标不同，但它允许人类社会将火灾作为一种经常性的干扰来应对。
Despite the challenges wildland fire poses to contemporary resource management, many fire-prone ecosystems have adapted over centuries to millennia to intentional landscape burning by people to maintain resources. We combine fieldwork, modeling, and a literature survey to examine the extent and mechanism by which anthropogenic burning alters the spatial grain of habitat mosaics in fire-prone ecosystems. We survey the distribution of Callitris intratropica, a conifer requiring long fire-free intervals for establishment, as an indicator of long-unburned habitat availability under Aboriginal burning in the savannas of Arnhem Land. We then use cellular automata to simulate the effects of burning identical proportions of the landscape under different fire sizes on the emergent patterns of habitat heterogeneity. Finally, we examine the global extent of intentional burning and diversity of objectives using the scientific literature. The current distribution of Callitris across multiple field sites suggested long-unburnt patches are common and occur at fine scales (<0.5 ha), while modeling revealed smaller, patchy disturbances maximize patch age diversity, creating a favorable habitat matrix for Callitris. The literature search provided evidence for intentional landscape burning across multiple ecosystems on six continents, with the number of identified objectives ranging from two to thirteen per study. The fieldwork and modeling results imply that the occurrence of long-unburnt habitat in fire-prone ecosystems may be an emergent property of patch scaling under fire regimes dominated by smaller fires. These findings provide a model for understanding how anthropogenic burning alters spatial and temporal aspects of habitat heterogeneity, which, as the literature survey strongly suggests, warrant consideration across a diversity of geographies and cultures. Our results clarify how traditional fire management shapes fire-prone ecosystems, which despite diverse objectives, has allowed human societies to cope with fire as a recurrent disturbance.
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影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Bowman DM;Balch J;Artaxo P;Bond WJ;Cochrane MA;D'Antonio CM;Defries R;Johnston FH;Keeley JE;Krawchuk MA;Kull CA;Mack M;Moritz MA;Pyne S;Roos CI;Scott AC;Sodhi NS;Swetnam TW;Whittaker R
通讯作者：
Whittaker R
影响因子：
2
作者：
LEWIS, HT;FERGUSON, TA
通讯作者：
FERGUSON, TA
影响因子：
11.6
作者：
Archibald, Sally;Roy, David P.;Scholes, Robert J.
通讯作者：
Scholes, Robert J.
影响因子：
2
作者：
Laris, P
通讯作者：
Laris, P
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Huffman, Mary R.
通讯作者：
Huffman, Mary R.