Regulation of immune responses by extracellular vesicles.
Regulation of immune responses by extracellular vesicles.
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DOI：
10.1038/nri3622
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发表时间：
2014-03
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--
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细胞外小泡(EV)包括外体，是来源于多囊泡小体或质膜的小的膜小泡。大多数(如果不是全部)细胞类型都会释放EV，然后进入体液。这些囊泡含有来自亲本细胞的蛋白质、脂类和核酸的子集。据推测，EV通过在细胞之间传递其内容，包括蛋白质、脂类和RNA，在细胞间的局部和系统通信中发挥重要作用。EVS参与多种生理过程，来自非免疫细胞和免疫细胞的囊泡在免疫调节中具有重要作用。此外，基于EV的疗法正在开发和临床测试中，用于治疗炎症性和自身免疫性疾病以及癌症。鉴于EVS具有巨大的治疗潜力，本文就EVS在调节免疫反应中的作用及其治疗应用作一综述。
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes, are small membrane vesicles derived from multivesicular bodies or from the plasma membrane. Most, if not all, cell types release EVs that then enter the bodily fluids. These vesicles contain a subset of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids that are derived from the parent cell. It is postulated that EVs have important roles in intercellular communication, both locally and systemically, by transferring their contents, including protein, lipids and RNAs, between cells. EVs are involved in numerous physiological processes, and vesicles from both non-immune and immune cells have important roles in immune regulation. Moreover, EV-based therapeutics are being developed and tested clinically for treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and cancer. Given the tremendous therapeutic potential of EVs this review focuses on the role of EVs in modulating immune responses and the therapeutic applications.
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