Anomopterellidae restored, with two new genera and its phylogeny in Evanioidea (Hymenoptera).
Anomopterellidae restored, with two new genera and its phylogeny in Evanioidea (Hymenoptera).
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0082587
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Ren D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li L;Rasnitsyn AP;Shih C;Ren D
Anomopterellidae最初被归类为Evanioidea的一个科，后来被降级为Praeaulacidae的一个亚科Anomopterellinae。到目前为止，只有4种被分配到Anomopterellinae。由于其特殊的翅脉序和与Evanioidea相似的附接，异翅目在Evanioidea中的系统位置一直存在争议。本文报道了中国中侏罗世Synaphotterella一新属和六种化石，并将哈萨克斯坦晚侏罗世Anomopterella stenocera Rasnitsyn，1975归为Choristopterella gen. nov.，将这三个属归入Anomopterellidae，并提供了已知属种检索表。根据新的化石标本和系统发育分析，Praeaulacidae在Evanioidea中的位置最低，恢复Anomopterellidae Rasnitsyn，1975为一个完整的科是合理的。通过对中国、蒙古和哈萨克斯坦三个国家所描述的异翅目昆虫的体型比较，我们认为中国异翅目昆虫的体型和前翅较大。刀虎沟中侏罗世晚期的Praeaulacidae和Anomopterellidae的多样性表明Evanioidea至少出现在中侏罗世晚期之前。
Anomopterellidae was originally classified as a family within the Evanioidea, and later lowered to a subfamily, Anomopterellinae, of Praeaulacidae. Up to date, only, with four species, was assigned to Anomopterellinae. Due to their special wing venation and their metasomal attachment similar to those known in Evanioidea, the systematic position of Anomopterellinae in Evanioidea has been in contention. Here we report a new fossil genus Synaphopterella gen. nov. and six species from the Middle Jurassic of China and transfer Anomopterella stenocera Rasnitsyn, 1975, from Upper Jurassic of Kazakhstan, to Choristopterella gen. nov. We place these three genera in the restored family Anomopterellidae and provide a key to known genera and species. Based on new fossil specimens and phylogenetic analyses, Praeaulacidae has the most basal position in Evanioidea and it is justifiable to restore Anomopterellidae Rasnitsyn, 1975 as a full family. Comparing the size of all described anomopterellids from China, Mongolia and Kazakhstan, we conclude that the species from China have larger bodies and forewings. Diversity of the Praeaulacidae and Anomopterellidae in the late Middle Jurassic of Daohugou suggests that Evanioidea appeared at least before the late Middle Jurassic.
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