When Trying Hard Isn’t Natural
When Trying Hard Isn’t Natural
复制标题
当努力不自然时
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Sara D. Hodges
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jessi L. Smith;Karyn L. Lewis;Lauren Hawthorne;Sara D. Hodges
感觉自己比别人付出更多的努力可能会影响女性对科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）的归属感，并阻碍她们的动力。在研究1中，女性STEM研究生认为她们比同龄人付出了更多的努力来取得成功。对于女性，而不是男性，这种努力支出的看法预测了归属感的下降，这反过来又降低了动力。研究2测试了男性主导的领域是否会引发这样的努力期望。我们创建了一个虚构的“生态心理学”研究生课程，当被描绘为男性主导时，导致女性期望付出相对更多的努力，并降低了她们追求该领域的兴趣。研究3发现，强调努力达到预期（和正常）的成功提高了女性的归属感和未来的动力。结果表明，努力支出的看法是一个指标，妇女用来评估他们适合干。提高妇女的参与STEM的影响进行了讨论。
Feeling like one exerts more effort than others may influence women’s feelings of belonging with science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) and impede their motivation. In Study 1, women STEM graduate students perceived they exerted more effort than peers to succeed. For women, but not men, this effort expenditure perception predicted a decreased sense of belonging, which in turn decreased motivation. Study 2 tested whether the male-dominated status of a field triggers such effort expectations. We created a fictional “eco-psychology” graduate program, which when depicted as male-dominated resulted in women expecting to exert relatively more effort and decreased their interest in pursuing the field. Study 3 found emphasizing effort as expected (and normal) to achieve success elevated women’s feelings of belonging and future motivation. Results suggest effort expenditure perceptions are an indicator women use to assess their fit in STEM. Implications for enhancing women’s participation in STEM are discussed.
影响因子：
5
作者：
Kathryn C. Oleson;Kirsten M. Poehlmann;John H. Yost;Molly E. Lynch;R. Arkin
通讯作者：
Kathryn C. Oleson;Kirsten M. Poehlmann;John H. Yost;Molly E. Lynch;R. Arkin
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
C. Erdley;C. Dweck
通讯作者：
C. Erdley;C. Dweck
影响因子：
16.4
作者：
Steele, CM
通讯作者：
Steele, CM