Traffic-induced multicomponent ultrafine particle microphysics in the WRF v3.6.1 large eddy simulation model: General behaviour from idealised scenarios at the neighbourhood-scale
Traffic-induced multicomponent ultrafine particle microphysics in the WRF v3.6.1 large eddy simulation model: General behaviour from idealised scenarios at the neighbourhood-scale
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WRF v3.6.1 大涡模拟模型中交通引起的多组分超细颗粒微物理：邻里尺度理想化场景的一般行为
DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117213
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Zhong J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhong J
在大多数城市地区，交通是超细颗粒物（UFP，直径小于0.1 μm或100 nm的颗粒物）的主要来源。交通产生的UFP从城市街道混合物中排出，与上覆的“城市背景空气”混合，并被稀释，同时由于冷凝/蒸发和其他气溶胶微物理学而发生变化。挥发性生成的UFP由半挥发性化合物（SVOC）的复杂混合物组成，其挥发性在许多数量级上变化，从而导致尺寸依赖的颗粒组成。本研究将UFP的多组分微物理学（包括冷凝/蒸发）与WRF v3.6.1（天气研究和预报）大涡模拟模型（即WRF-LES-UFP）相结合，并使用该建模系统研究理想情况下UFP在邻域尺度（10-1000 m;传输时间为几分钟）上的一般行为。该模型捕捉到的水平分散的UFP顺风到邻里规模和垂直混合与城市背景空气。蒸发降低了从街道水平进入城市边界层的UFP的模态大小。因此，UFP的邻域尺度演变是排放、与背景混合和冷凝/蒸发效应的综合结果。总UFP数浓度和总质量浓度与排放率或背景浓度呈线性关系，证明了该方案的数值守恒性。对于较小颗粒（UFP直径小于100 nm）的数量浓度，相对于UFP尺寸和具有与稀释时间尺度相当的时间尺度（以分钟为单位）的那些有机化合物的浓度，线性不太明显，反映了由于冷凝/蒸发引起的影响（改变粒度）。
Traffic is the key source of ultrafine particles (UFPs, particulate matter with a diameter less than 0.1 μm or 100 nm) in most urban areas. The traffic-generated UFPs vented out from an urban street mix with overlying ‘urban background air’ and are diluted whilst also undergoing change due to condensation/evaporation and other aerosol microphysics. Traffic-generated UFPs are comprised of a complex mixture of semi-volatile compounds (SVOCs) with volatility varying over many orders of magnitude, resulting in size-dependent particle composition. This study coupled the multicomponent microphysics (involving condensation/evaporation) of UFPs with the WRF v3.6.1 (Weather Research and Forecasting) large eddy simulation model (i.e. WRF-LES-UFP), and used this modelling system to investigate the general behaviour of UFPs on the neighbourhood scale (10-1000 m; transport times of few minutes) for idealised scenarios. The model captures the horizontal dispersion of UFPs downwind into the neighbourhood scale and vertical mixing with urban background air. Evaporation decreases the mode size of UFPs venting into the urban boundary layer from street-level. The neighbourhood-scale evolution of UFPs is, therefore, a combination of the effects of emissions, mixing with background, and condensation/evaporation. Total UFP number concentration and total mass concentrations scale linearly with the emission rate or the background concentration, demonstrating numerical conservation of the scheme. The linearity is less pronounced for the number concentration of smaller particles (UFP diameter less than 100 nm) with respect to UFP size and concentrations of those organic compounds with a time scale comparable to the dilution time scale (in the order of minutes), reflecting the effects (altering the particle sizes) due to condensation/evaporation.
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