A Temporal Bottleneck in the Language Comprehension Network
A Temporal Bottleneck in the Language Comprehension Network
复制标题
语言理解网络中的时间瓶颈
作者：
Laurianne Vagharchakian;G. Dehaene;Christophe Pallier;S. Dehaene
人类能够以极快的速度（约400 wpm）理解口头或书面句子，远远超过正常的语音速度（约150 wpm）。大脑是如何应对快速语言的？在一定的表示率以上，是什么处理瓶颈最终使语言难以理解？我们使用时间分辨功能磁共振成像来探测大脑对以五种压缩率呈现的口语和书面句子的反应，从可理解（自然持续时间的60-100%）到具有挑战性（40%）和不可理解（20%）。结果表明，不同皮质区域的激活速度和振幅差异很大。在模式特异性感觉区域，激活随刺激持续时间呈线性变化。然而，包括额下回（眶部和三角肌）和颞上沟在内的大型模态无关的左半球语言网络表现出明显的时不变反应，随后对难以理解的刺激突然崩溃。最后，在不同的前额叶和顶叶部位可以看到线性和非线性反应，反映出随着压缩的增加而产生的更大的努力。我们表明，这些特征符合一个简单的模型，根据该模型，语言处理的高级阶段以固定的速度运行，因此对句子理解造成了时间瓶颈。在表示速度快于内部处理速度的情况下，输入的单词必须被缓冲，当缓冲存储和检索操作饱和时，可理解性就会消失。根据它们的时间和振幅分布，缓冲区域可以被识别为左额叶下/前岛、中央前皮层和额叶内侧皮层。
Humans can understand spoken or written sentences presented at extremely fast rates of ∼400 wpm, far exceeding the normal speech rate (∼150 wpm). How does the brain cope with speeded language? And what processing bottlenecks eventually make language incomprehensible above a certain presentation rate? We used time-resolved fMRI to probe the brain responses to spoken and written sentences presented at five compression rates, ranging from intelligible (60–100% of the natural duration) to challenging (40%) and unintelligible (20%). The results show that cortical areas differ sharply in their activation speed and amplitude. In modality-specific sensory areas, activation varies linearly with stimulus duration. However, a large modality-independent left-hemispheric language network, including the inferior frontal gyrus (pars orbitalis and triangularis) and the superior temporal sulcus, shows a remarkably time-invariant response, followed by a sudden collapse for unintelligible stimuli. Finally, linear and nonlinear responses, reflecting a greater effort as compression increases, are seen at various prefrontal and parietal sites. We show that these profiles fit with a simple model according to which the higher stages of language processing operate at a fixed speed and thus impose a temporal bottleneck on sentence comprehension. At presentation rates faster than this internal processing speed, incoming words must be buffered, and intelligibility vanishes when buffer storage and retrieval operations are saturated. Based on their temporal and amplitude profiles, buffer regions can be identified with the left inferior frontal/anterior insula, precentral cortex, and mesial frontal cortex.
DOI：
10.1037//0096-3445.111.2.228
发表时间：
1982
期刊：
Journal of experimental psychology. General
影响因子：
--
作者：
M. Just;P. Carpenter;J. Woolley
通讯作者：
M. Just;P. Carpenter;J. Woolley
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Okada, Kayoko;Rong, Feng;Hickok, Gregory
通讯作者：
Hickok, Gregory
句子理解的能力理论：对贾斯特和卡彭特的批判（1992）
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Waters,GS;Caplan,D
通讯作者：
Caplan,D