Carnosinases, their substrates and diseases.

Carnosinases, their substrates and diseases.
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DOI:
10.3390/molecules19022299
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发表时间:
2014-02-21
期刊:
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Rizzarelli E
Rizzarelli E
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bellia F;Vecchio G;Rizzarelli E

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肌肽酶是一种二肽酶,在生命的各个领域发挥着不同的作用。人肌肽酶的同工型(CN1和CN2)在适当条件下催化二肽肌肽(β-丙酰-l-组氨酸)和同型肌肽(γ-氨基丁基-l-组氨酸)的水解。血清肌肽酶(CN1)活性的改变与多种病理状况有关,如神经系统疾病、慢性疾病和癌症。因此,将肌肽酶水平作为脑脊液(CSF)中的生物标志物一直受到质疑。原核生物和真核生物中咪唑相关二肽的水解也可由氨酰基组氨酸二肽酶如PepD (EC 3.4.13.3)、PepV (EC 3.4.13.19)和氨酶(EC 3.4.13.5)催化。综述了这类酶在生理和病理条件下的结构和功能。这些酶的主要底物,即肌肽,同肌肽和雁氨酸(β-丙烯酰-3-甲基-l-组氨酸)也将被描述。
Carnosinases are Xaa-His dipeptidases that play diverse functions throughout all kingdoms of life. Human isoforms of carnosinase (CN1 and CN2) under appropriate conditions catalyze the hydrolysis of the dipeptides carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine) and homocarnosine (γ-aminobutyryl-l-histidine). Alterations of serum carnosinase (CN1) activity has been associated with several pathological conditions, such as neurological disorders, chronic diseases and cancer. For this reason the use of carnosinase levels as a biomarker in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been questioned. The hydrolysis of imidazole-related dipeptides in prokaryotes and eukaryotes is also catalyzed by aminoacyl-histidine dipeptidases like PepD (EC 3.4.13.3), PepV (EC 3.4.13.19) and anserinase (EC 3.4.13.5). The review deals with the structure and function of this class of enzymes in physiological and pathological conditions. The main substrates of these enzymes, i.e., carnosine, homocarnosine and anserine (β-alanyl-3-methyl-l-histidine) will also be described.
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