Disproportionate Removals and Differing Content Moderation Experiences for Conservative, Transgender, and Black Social Media Users: Marginalization and Moderation Gray Areas
Disproportionate Removals and Differing Content Moderation Experiences for Conservative, Transgender, and Black Social Media Users: Marginalization and Moderation Gray Areas
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保守派、跨性别者和黑人社交媒体用户的不成比例的删除和不同的内容审核体验：边缘化和审核灰色区域
DOI：
10.1145/3479610
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wegner, Andrea
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haimson, Oliver L.;Delmonaco, Daniel;Nie, Peipei;Wegner, Andrea
社交媒体网站利用内容审核，试图为用户培育安全的空间，为他们提供准确的信息。然而，内容审核决定可能并不适用于所有类型的用户，并可能导致与人们的性别、种族或政治取向相关的不成比例的审查。我们进行了一项混合方法研究，对调查数据进行了定性和定量分析，以了解哪些类型的社交媒体用户比其他类型的社交媒体用户更频繁地删除内容和帐户，哪些类型的内容和帐户被删除，以及被删除的内容在不同组之间可能有何不同。我们发现，在我们的数据集中，有三组社交媒体用户经历内容和账户删除的频率比其他群体更高：政治保守派、变性人和黑人。然而，从每组中移除的内容类型有很大不同。保守派参与者删除的内容包括攻击性或据称如此的内容、错误信息、与Covid相关的内容、成人或仇恨言论。变性人参与者的内容经常作为成年人被删除，尽管遵循了网站指南，批评占主导地位的群体(例如，男性、白人)，或具体涉及变性人或同性恋问题。黑人参与者删除的内容经常与种族正义或种族主义有关。更广泛地说，保守派参与者的删除通常涉及根据网站指南删除的有害内容，以创建具有准确信息的安全空间，而跨性别和黑人参与者的删除往往涉及与表达其边缘化身份有关的内容，尽管遵循了网站政策，但这些内容仍被删除或落入内容审查灰色地带。我们讨论了使内容审核对边缘化的社交媒体用户更加公平的潜在方法，例如接受并专门针对内容审核灰色区域进行设计。
Social media sites use content moderation to attempt to cultivate safe spaces with accurate information for their users. However, content moderation decisions may not be applied equally for all types of users, and may lead to disproportionate censorship related to people's genders, races, or political orientations. We conducted a mixed methods study involving qualitative and quantitative analysis of survey data to understand which types of social media users have content and accounts removed more frequently than others, what types of content and accounts are removed, and how content removed may differ between groups. We found that three groups of social media users in our dataset experienced content and account removals more often than others: political conservatives, transgender people, and Black people. However, the types of content removed from each group varied substantially. Conservative participants' removed content included content that was offensive or allegedly so, misinformation, Covid-related, adult, or hate speech. Transgender participants' content was often removed as adult despite following site guidelines, critical of a dominant group (e.g., men, white people), or specifically related to transgender or queer issues. Black participants' removed content was frequently related to racial justice or racism. More broadly, conservative participants' removals often involved harmful content removed according to site guidelines to create safe spaces with accurate information, while transgender and Black participants' removals often involved content related to expressing their marginalized identities that was removed despite following site policies or fell into content moderation gray areas. We discuss potential ways forward to make content moderation more equitable for marginalized social media users, such as embracing and designing specifically for content moderation gray areas.
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