SARS-CoV-2 infection is effectively treated and prevented by EIDD-2801.

SARS-CoV-2 infection is effectively treated and prevented by EIDD-2801.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41586-021-03312-w
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发表时间:
2021-03
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
Garcia JV
Garcia JV
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wahl A;Gralinski LE;Johnson CE;Yao W;Kovarova M;Dinnon KH 3rd;Liu H;Madden VJ;Krzystek HM;De C;White KK;Gully K;Schäfer A;Zaman T;Leist SR;Grant PO;Bluemling GR;Kolykhalov AA;Natchus MG;Askin FB;Painter G;Browne EP;Jones CD;Pickles RJ;Baric RS;Garcia JV

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所有已知的最近出现的人类冠状病毒都可能起源于蝙蝠。在这里,我们使用了一个单一的实验平台的基础上,人类肺只小鼠(LoM),以证明有效的体内复制的所有最近出现的人类冠状病毒(SARS-CoV,MERS-CoV,SARS-CoV-2)和两个高度相关的内源性大流行前SARS样蝙蝠冠状病毒。该模型中的病毒复制发生在真正的人类肺组织中,并且不需要病毒或宿主的任何类型的适应。我们的研究结果表明,蝙蝠携带内源性冠状病毒,能够直接传播给人类。对LoM人肺组织的大流行性SARS-CoV-2体内感染的进一步详细分析显示,人肺上皮细胞的感染占优势,包括存在于肺泡和纤毛气道细胞中的II型肺细胞。急性SARS-CoV-2感染是高度致细胞病变的,并诱导了强烈和持续的I型干扰素和炎性细胞因子/趋化因子反应。最后,我们评估了冠状病毒感染的治疗和暴露前预防策略。我们的研究结果表明,治疗性和预防性给予EIDD-2801(一种目前处于II-III期临床试验的口服广谱抗病毒药物)可显著抑制SARS-CoV-2在体内的复制,因此对预防和治疗COVID-19具有重大潜力。
All known recently emerged human coronaviruses likely originated in bats. Here, we used a single experimental platform based on human lung-only mice (LoM) to demonstrate efficient in vivo replication of all recently emerged human coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2) and two highly relevant endogenous pre-pandemic SARS-like bat coronaviruses. Virus replication in this model occurs in bona fide human lung tissue and does not require any type of adaptation of the virus or the host. Our results indicate that bats harbor endogenous coronaviruses capable of direct transmission into humans. Further detailed analysis of pandemic SARS-CoV-2 in vivo infection of LoM human lung tissue showed predominant infection of human lung epithelial cells, including type II pneumocytes present in alveoli and ciliated airway cells. Acute SARS-CoV-2 infection was highly cytopathic and induced a robust and sustained Type I interferon and inflammatory cytokine/chemokine response. Finally, we evaluated a therapeutic and pre-exposure prophylaxis strategy for coronavirus infection. Our results show that therapeutic and prophylactic administration of EIDD-2801, an oral broad spectrum antiviral currently in phase II-III clinical trials, dramatically inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in vivo and thus has significant potential for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
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