Convergent human and climate forcing of late-Holocene flooding in Northwest England

Convergent human and climate forcing of late-Holocene flooding in Northwest England
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英格兰西北部全新世晚期洪水的汇聚人类和气候强迫

DOI:
10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.102998
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
3.9
通讯作者:
Schillereff D
Schillereff D
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Schillereff D

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人们越来越担心,气候变化可能会扩大全球洪水风险,但短期水文数据系列阻碍了灾害评估。湖泊沉积物重建正在捕捉罕见的,高震级的事件,但英国已经产生了一些湖泊古气候记录更全面的画面。我们报告了英国迄今为止最长的湖泊洪水重建,这是英格兰西北部Brotherswater的1500年记录。它的集水区非常适合古气候研究,但其均匀的深棕色沉积物基质排除了洪水层的视觉识别。相反,应用于高分辨率粒度测量的异常值检测程序显示,在地层序列中,与测量的高河流流量匹配>90%。我们的晚全新世古森林重建揭示了9个更频繁的洪水的数十年期(510-630 CE、890-960、990-1080、1470-1560、1590-1620、1650-1710、1740-1770、1830-1890和1920-2012),这些都显示出与冬季北大西洋涛动(wNAO)相位的负相关,并与太阳极小期有一定的同步性。这些洪水丰富的插曲也重叠与当地和区域的土地利用集约化,我们建议通过创建一个更有效的集水区沉积物输送带和更快速的山坡通道水文连通性放大了洪水信号。解开人为和气候驱动因素是一个挑战,但人为景观改造显然不应低估古森林重建。我们的论文还表明,洪水历史可以从世界各地的许多湖泊含有丰富的有机质,视觉均匀的沉积物。这一变革性的证据基础应有助于更可靠地评估洪水频率以及生态系统和基础设施面临的风险。
Concern is growing that climate change may amplify global flood risk but short hydrological data series hamper hazard assessment. Lake sediment reconstructions are capturing a fuller picture of rare, high-magnitude events but the UK has produced few lake palaeoflood records. We report the longest lake-derived flood reconstruction for the UK to date, a 1500-year record from Brotherswater, northwest England. Its catchment is well-suited physiographically to palaeoflood research, but its homogeneous, dark brown sediment matrix precludes visual identification of flood layers. Instead, an outlier detection routine applied to high-resolution particle size measurements showed a >90% match, in stratigraphic sequence, to measured high river flows. Our late-Holocene palaeoflood reconstruction reveals nine multi-decadal periods of more frequent flooding (510–630 CE, 890–960, 990–1080, 1470–1560, 1590–1620, 1650–1710, 1740–1770, 1830–1890 and 1920–2012), and these show a significant association with negative winter North Atlantic Oscillation (wNAO) phasing and some synchrony with solar minima. These flood-rich episodes also overlap with local and regional land-use intensification, which we propose has amplified the flood signal by creating a more efficient catchment sediment conveyor and more rapid hillslope-channel hydrological connectivity. Disentangling anthropogenic and climatic drivers is a challenge but anthropogenic landscape transformation should evidently not be underestimated in palaeoflood reconstructions. Our paper also demonstrates that flood histories can be extracted from the numerous lakes worldwide containing organic-rich, visually homogeneous sediments. This transformative evidence base should lead to more reliable assessments of flood frequency and risks to ecosystems and infrastructure.
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