Molecular basis of glyphosate resistance-different approaches through protein engineering.
Molecular basis of glyphosate resistance-different approaches through protein engineering.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08214.x
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发表时间：
2011-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Siehl D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pollegioni L;Schonbrunn E;Siehl D
草甘膦（n -膦甲基甘氨酸）是世界上使用最广泛的除草剂：草甘膦基制剂具有广谱除草活性，对人类和环境的毒性最小。这个简单的小分子的非凡成功主要是由于草甘膦在导致芳香氨基酸生物合成的莽草酸途径中对植物酶烯醇丙酮酰莽草酸-3-磷酸合成酶具有高特异性。从1996年开始，转基因抗草甘膦植物被引入，从而允许在作物上使用除草剂（在出现后）来清除出现的杂草而不损害作物。本文综述了植物抗草甘膦机制的进化过程，包括自然多样性、基因重组的分子进化方法以及基于合理结构的蛋白质工程方法。此外，我们还提供了使所作修改达到预期效果的方法的基本原理。
Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl-glycine) is the most-used herbicide in the world: glyphosate-based formulations exhibit broad-spectrum herbicidal activity with minimal human and environmental toxicity. The extraordinary success of this simple small molecule is mainly due to the high specificity of glyphosate towards the plant enzyme enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase in the shikimate pathway leading to biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. Starting in 1996, transgenic glyphosate-resistant plants were introduced thus allowing the application of the herbicide to the crop (post-emergence) to remove emerged weeds without crop damage. This review focuses on the evolution of mechanisms of resistance to glyphosate as obtained through natural diversity, the gene shuffling approach to molecular evolution, and a rational, structure-based approach to protein engineering. In addition, we offer rationale for the means by which the modifications made have had their intended effect.
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