Mixed signals: cognitive skills, qualifications and earnings in an international comparative perspective

Mixed signals: cognitive skills, qualifications and earnings in an international comparative perspective
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混合信号:国际比较视角下的认知技能、资格和收入

DOI:
10.1080/03054985.2019.1687436
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
2
通讯作者:
Shields R
Shields R
中科院分区:
教育学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shields R

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学历和认知技能的相对重要性在教育和劳动力市场研究中形成了一个持久的辩论。虽然人力资本理论的早期工作基本上等同于资格和技能,但信号和筛选理论对两者进行了更细致的区分,突出了资格作为减少招聘不确定性的一种方式的重要性。最近的文献认为,大多数正规教育在很大程度上表明,生产力的提高微乎其微。本文旨在通过研究资格和认知技能如何与收入相关的跨国差异,为人力资本和信号理论的辩论提供信息。利用国际成人能力评估计划(PIAAC)的数据,我们分析了认知技能(识字,算术和解决问题)和资格(中等和高等教育完成)与收入的关系。虽然资格的贡献往往超过认知技能,但每个因素的相对贡献在各国之间差异很大。这种差异表明,高水平的信号并不是不可避免的,可能是教育系统和劳动力市场的背景差异造成的。受教育程度较高的国家信号水平较低,对认知技能的重视程度较高。
The relative importance of educational qualifications and cognitive skills forms an enduring debate in research on education and the labour market. While early work in human capital theory essentially equated qualifications and skills, signalling and screening theories provided a more nuanced distinction between the two, highlighting the importance of qualifications as a way of reducing uncertainty in hiring. Recent literature argues that most formal education is largely signalling that provides minimal productivity gains. This paper seeks to inform the debate on human capital and signalling theories by examining cross-national variation in how the qualifications and cognitive skills relate to earnings. Using data from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), we analyse variation in how cognitive skills (literacy, numeracy and problem-solving) and qualifications (secondary and higher education completion) relate to earnings. Although the contributions of qualifications tend to outweigh cognitive skills, the relative contributions of each factor vary considerably across countries. This variation suggests that high levels of signalling are not inevitable and may be explained by contextual differences in education systems and labour markets. Countries with more higher education attainment have lower levels of signalling and place higher premiums on cognitive skills.
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