The other ex ante moral hazard in health.
The other ex ante moral hazard in health.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jhealeco.2011.09.001
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发表时间：
2012-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Packalen M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bhattacharya J;Packalen M
众所周知，集中保险会诱使人们在自我保护活动中进行低效率的低投资。我们确定了另一个事前道德风险，在相反的方向运行。自我保护水平较低以及相关的慢性病和行为模式，如肥胖、吸烟和营养不良，增加了许多疾病的发病率和对这些疾病的治疗消费。这增加了创新的回报，从而使创新者受益。它还增加了治疗创新，使所有消费者受益。由于个人没有考虑到这些积极的外部性，他们在自我保护方面的投资是高效率的。我们量化了肥胖外部性的下限。下限与产生的额外创新量无关。研究结果表明，我们确定的外部性抵消了负的医疗保险引起的保险外部性的肥胖。因此，医疗保险引起的肥胖补贴并不是“苏打税”、“脂肪税”或其他对肥胖的惩罚的充分理由。定量研究结果还表明，我们确定的其他事前道德风险可能与几十年来一直是卫生经济学核心概念的事前道德风险一样重要。
It is well-known that pooled insurance coverage can induce people to make inefficiently low investments in self-protective activities. We identify another ex-ante moral hazard that runs in the opposite direction. Lower levels of self-protection and the associated chronic conditions and behavioral patterns such as obesity, smoking, and malnutrition increase the incidence of many diseases and consumption of treatments to those diseases. This increases the reward for innovation and thus benefits the innovator. It also increases treatment innovation which benefits all consumers. As individuals do not take these positive externalities into account, their investments in self-protection are inefficiently high. We quantify the lower bound of this externality for obesity. The lower bound is independent of how much additional innovation is generated. The results show that the externality we identify offsets the negative Medicare-induced insurance externality of obesity. The Medicare-induced obesity subsidy is thus not a sufficient rationale for “soda taxes”, “fat taxes” or other penalties on obesity. The quantitative finding also implies that the other ex-ante moral hazard that we identify can be as important as the ex-ante moral hazard that has been a central concept in health economics for decades.
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DOI：
10.1038/oby.2005.49
发表时间：
2005-02-01
期刊：
OBESITY RESEARCH
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bertakis, KD;Azari, R
通讯作者：
Azari, R
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
George, L;Waldfogel, J
通讯作者：
Waldfogel, J
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
EHRLICH, I;BECKER, GS
通讯作者：
BECKER, GS
影响因子：
13.7
作者：
Finkelstein, A
通讯作者：
Finkelstein, A
影响因子：
13.7
作者：
Jones, CI;Williams, JC
通讯作者：
Williams, JC