Arsenic-transforming microbes and their role in biomining processes.

Arsenic-transforming microbes and their role in biomining processes.
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DOI:
10.1007/s11356-012-1449-0
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发表时间:
2013-11
期刊:
Environmental science and pollution research international
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Sklodowska A
Sklodowska A
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Drewniak L;Sklodowska A

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众所周知,微生物可以溶解不同的矿物质,并将其作为营养和能量的来源。大多数岩石矿物富含重要元素(例如,磷、铁、硫、镁和钼),但有些也可能含有有毒金属或类金属,如砷。砷的毒性在矿物溶解后被揭示,这提出了两个重要的问题:(1)为什么微生物溶解含砷矿物并将这种金属以有毒(也为自己)的形式释放到环境中,以及(2)这些微生物如何科普这种有毒元素?本文综述了砷转化微生物及其在生物采矿过程中的作用。特别考虑了增加我们对微生物活动如何与砷的生物地球化学联系的理解的研究,通过检查(1)砷在采矿环境中的位置和形式,(2)砷矿物溶解背景下的微生物活动和抗砷机制,(3)砷生物采矿中使用的矿物和应用的技术,以及(4)如何利用微生物来清理采矿后的环境。
It is well known that microorganisms can dissolve different minerals and use them as sources of nutrients and energy. The majority of rock minerals are rich in vital elements (e.g., P, Fe, S, Mg and Mo), but some may also contain toxic metals or metalloids, like arsenic. The toxicity of arsenic is disclosed after the dissolution of the mineral, which raises two important questions: (1) why do microorganisms dissolve arsenic-bearing minerals and release this metal into the environment in a toxic (also for themselves) form, and (2) How do these microorganisms cope with this toxic element? In this review, we summarize current knowledge about arsenic-transforming microbes and their role in biomining processes. Special consideration is given to studies that have increased our understanding of how microbial activities are linked to the biogeochemistry of arsenic, by examining (1) where and in which forms arsenic occurs in the mining environment, (2) microbial activity in the context of arsenic mineral dissolution and the mechanisms of arsenic resistance, (3) the minerals used and technologies applied in the biomining of arsenic, and (4) how microbes can be used to clean up post-mining environments.
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