Innate responses to Toxoplasma gondii in mice and humans.

Innate responses to Toxoplasma gondii in mice and humans.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.pt.2011.03.009
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发表时间:
2011-09
影响因子:
9.6
通讯作者:
Yarovinsky, Felix
Yarovinsky, Felix
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Pifer, Reed;Yarovinsky, Felix

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弓形虫的初次感染刺激天然免疫系统细胞产生高水平的IL-12和干扰素-γ。这两种细胞因子是弓形虫抗药性的核心。通过Toll样受体(TLR)适配器蛋白MyD88发出的信号对于激活早期的先天性免疫反应是必不可少的。最近的研究表明,TLR11在弓形虫的感知中起着主导作用。同时,TLR11在人类中只有一个假基因表达,在没有TLR11的情况下,先天和获得性免疫反应是如何发生的这个主要问题仍然没有答案。在这篇文章中,讨论了决定宿主对人体和小鼠寄生虫抵抗力的传感器和效应器分子的异同。
Primary infection with Toxoplasma gondii stimulates production of high levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ by cells of the innate immune system. These two cytokines are central to resistance to T. gondii. Signaling through the Toll-like receptor (TLR) adaptor protein MyD88 is indispensible for activating early innate immune responses. Recent studies have established that TLR11 plays a dominant role in sensing T. gondii. At the same time, TLR11 is represented in humans only by a pseudogene, and the major question of how innate and adaptive immune responses occur in the absence of TLR11 remains unanswered. In this article similarities and differences in sensors and effector molecules that determine host resistance to the parasite in humans and mice are discussed.
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